“…Also, as in the above E q , n is the number of the electrons which take part in the electrocatalytic reaction, A denotes the surface area (0.012 cm 2 ), and Γ is obtained as 2.25× mol/cm 2 while n=2. Such an electrode contains the optimal value of Γ, which is larger than the values reported for other modified electrodes .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Also, as in the above E q , n is the number of the electrons which take part in the electrocatalytic reaction, A denotes the surface area (0.012 cm 2 ), and Γ is obtained as 2.25 × 10 À 9 mol/cm 2 while n = 2. Such an electrode contains the optimal value of Γ, which is larger than the values reported for other modified electrodes [26,27]. Figure 3 provides the results for the cyclic voltammetry of the electrochemical oxidation of 1.0 mM NOE at an unmodified carbon paste electrode (curve b), a CN/CPE (curve d), a CPE modified with ADPC (curve e), and an ADPC/CN/CPE (curve f).…”
Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Adpc/cn/cpementioning
A new selective carbon paste electrode (CPE), was applied as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of norepinephrine (NOE). The sensor was modified with 6‐amino‐4‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c],pyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile (ADPC) assisted Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell nanoparticles (CNs) synthesized by simple method. To identify the redox properties of the modified electrode, and to examine its electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted. Through electrochemical investigations, the coefficient of electron transfer between ADPC and the CNs/CPE (i. e. carbon paste electrode which was modified with CNs), the apparent charge transfer rate constant (ks), and the diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. The NOE oxidation occurred at the optimum pH of 7.0 and a potential that was about 235 mV less positive than that of the unmodified carbon paste electrode. The interaction between the two metals in the Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell led to an increase in the surface area and, consequently a sharp increase in the current. The differential pulse voltammogram of NOE showed two linear dynamic ranges an excellent detection limit (3σ) of 40 nM. In addition, NOE, AC and Trp were simultaneously determined at the modified electrode. Finally, NOE was quantitated in a number of real samples.
“…Also, as in the above E q , n is the number of the electrons which take part in the electrocatalytic reaction, A denotes the surface area (0.012 cm 2 ), and Γ is obtained as 2.25× mol/cm 2 while n=2. Such an electrode contains the optimal value of Γ, which is larger than the values reported for other modified electrodes .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Also, as in the above E q , n is the number of the electrons which take part in the electrocatalytic reaction, A denotes the surface area (0.012 cm 2 ), and Γ is obtained as 2.25 × 10 À 9 mol/cm 2 while n = 2. Such an electrode contains the optimal value of Γ, which is larger than the values reported for other modified electrodes [26,27]. Figure 3 provides the results for the cyclic voltammetry of the electrochemical oxidation of 1.0 mM NOE at an unmodified carbon paste electrode (curve b), a CN/CPE (curve d), a CPE modified with ADPC (curve e), and an ADPC/CN/CPE (curve f).…”
Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Adpc/cn/cpementioning
A new selective carbon paste electrode (CPE), was applied as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of norepinephrine (NOE). The sensor was modified with 6‐amino‐4‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c],pyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile (ADPC) assisted Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell nanoparticles (CNs) synthesized by simple method. To identify the redox properties of the modified electrode, and to examine its electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted. Through electrochemical investigations, the coefficient of electron transfer between ADPC and the CNs/CPE (i. e. carbon paste electrode which was modified with CNs), the apparent charge transfer rate constant (ks), and the diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. The NOE oxidation occurred at the optimum pH of 7.0 and a potential that was about 235 mV less positive than that of the unmodified carbon paste electrode. The interaction between the two metals in the Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell led to an increase in the surface area and, consequently a sharp increase in the current. The differential pulse voltammogram of NOE showed two linear dynamic ranges an excellent detection limit (3σ) of 40 nM. In addition, NOE, AC and Trp were simultaneously determined at the modified electrode. Finally, NOE was quantitated in a number of real samples.
“…The approximate adhered modifier thickness or surface average concentration on UCPE was calculated by utilising Eq. ( 2 ) 39 and got at 0.271 × 10 −10 M cm −2 . Figure 2 CVs recorded for 1 mM K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] at UCPE (scattered line) and Po-DG6-MCPE (hard line) at speed rate of 50 mV s −1 using 1 M KCl.…”
In this proposed work, direct green 6 (DG6) decorated carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated for the efficient simultaneous and individual sensing of catechol (CA) and hydroquinone (HY). Electrochemical deeds of the CA and HY were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at poly-DG6-modfied carbon paste electrode (Po-DG6-MCPE). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studied the surface property of unmodified CPE (UCPE) and Po-DG6-MCPE. The decorated sensor displayed admirable electrocatalytic performance with fine stability, reproducibility, selectivity, low limit of detection (LLOD) for HY (0.11 μM) and CC (0.09 μM) and sensor process was originated to be adsorption-controlled phenomena. The Po-DG6-MCPE sensor exhibits well separated two peaks for HY and CA in CV and DPV analysis with potential difference of 0.098 V. Subsequently, the sensor was practically applied for the analysis in tap water and it consistent in-between for CA 93.25–100.16% and for HY 97.25–99.87% respectively.
“…A linear relation was found between the ratio of the currents and the PR concentration in the range of 1.0 nM–0.1 mM with a LOD of 0.53 nM for PR. A voltammetric study of PR was developed using an electrogenerated poly (rhodamine B)-modified CPE [ 229 ]. The modified electrode showed a good selectivity and sensitivity with a CV linear response for PR concentration ranging from 20 μM to 90 μM and a LOD of 2.2 μM.…”
Section: Electrochemical Sensors Based On Conducting Polymersmentioning
Electrochemical sensors appear as low-cost, rapid, easy to use, and in situ devices for determination of diverse analytes in a liquid solution. In that context, conducting polymers are much-explored sensor building materials because of their semiconductivity, structural versatility, multiple synthetic pathways, and stability in environmental conditions. In this state-of-the-art review, synthetic processes, morphological characterization, and nanostructure formation are analyzed for relevant literature about electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymers for the determination of molecules that (i) have a fundamental role in the human body function regulation, and (ii) are considered as water emergent pollutants. Special focus is put on the different types of micro- and nanostructures generated for the polymer itself or the combination with different materials in a composite, and how the rough morphology of the conducting polymers based electrochemical sensors affect their limit of detection. Polypyrroles, polyanilines, and polythiophenes appear as the most recurrent conducting polymers for the construction of electrochemical sensors. These conducting polymers are usually built starting from bifunctional precursor monomers resulting in linear and branched polymer structures; however, opportunities for sensitivity enhancement in electrochemical sensors have been recently reported by using conjugated microporous polymers synthesized from multifunctional monomers.
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