Poly(styrene–divinyl benzene)‐immobilized Fe(III) complex of 1,3‐bis(benzimidazolyl)benzene: Efficient catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of xylenol orange

Abstract

A polymer‐supported Fe(III) complex of 1,3‐bis(benzimidazolyl)benzene [PS–Fe(III)BBZNH] was used in the photodegradation of xylenol orange (XO) dye with H2O2 under UV irradiation. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared, far‐infrared, and UV–visible–diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic measurements. An octahedral coordination around Fe(III) was confirmed by electronic spectral data, and a decrease in the intensity of the νCH2Cl peak in PS–Fe(III)BBZNH was observed compared to the polymer support; this indicated the binding of the ligand to the support. An array of experiments were carried out to assess the influence of various reaction parameters on its photocatalytic performance to ensure maximum dye degradation. The maximum photocatalytic activity was observed at pH 8 with 125 mg of catalyst, 300 ppm of XO, and 200 ppm of H2O2 with complete mineralization after 90 min, as confirmed by chemical oxygen demand measurements. Furthermore, the reactions were repeated under sunlight and under dark conditions to check the photocatalytic efficiency of PS–Fe(III)BBZNH. It displayed better catalytic performance compared than the unsupported complex, PS–Cu(II)BBZNH [Cu(II) complex of 1,3‐bis(benzimidazolyl)benzene], and PS–VO(IV)BBZNH [VO(IV) complex of 1,3‐bis(benzimidazolyl)benzene]. PS–Fe(III)BBZNH could be recycled for up to seven runs. A tentative mechanism involving ·OH radical was proposed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46480.

Development of a New Arylamination Reaction Catalyzed by Polymer Bound 1,3-(Bisbenzimidazolyl) Benzene Co(II) Complex and Generation of Bioactive Adamanate Amines

“…Since these catalysts were found to be less hydrophobic, immobilization of such metal complexes with polymer support was observed to be stable, selective, and recyclable, attributed to the steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and conformational effects of the polymer support [13]. Hence, several reports pertaining to the synthesis of arylamines using polymer-supported transition metal complexes are found [14][15][16]. Specifically, chloromethylated polystyrene cross-linked with divinyl-benzene was employed as a macromolecular support to perform the arylamination reactions [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Co(II/III) Complexes with Benzoxazole and Benzothiazole Ligands as Efficient Heterogenous Photocatalysts for Organic Dyes Degradation

“…The degradation of methylene blue in the visible light using the modified hybrid compounds was examined by M. M. Momeni [15].Since the d-electron metal ions may adsorb visible light, some of the complexes exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance toward organic compound degradation. Therefore, there is a number of papers presenting outstanding efficiency of the process in the presence of complexes with such metal ions as Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) [16][17][18][19].One of the degradation pathways bases on the oxidation mechanism called Fenton reaction-a well-known reaction utilizing H 2 O 2 and iron ions. The homogenous catalyst under electromagnetic radiation produces hydroxyl radicals providing effective decomposition of organic species [20].…”

“…Since the d-electron metal ions may adsorb visible light, some of the complexes exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance toward organic compound degradation. Therefore, there is a number of papers presenting outstanding efficiency of the process in the presence of complexes with such metal ions as Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) [16][17][18][19].…”