Polymer materials
are integral to diverse scientific fields, including
chemical engineering and biochemical research, as well as analytical
and physical chemistry. This study focuses on the characterization
of modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes from both physical
and chemical perspectives. Unfortunately, current surface characterization
methods face various challenges when simultaneously measuring diverse
material properties such as morphology and chemical composition. Addressing
this issue, we introduce infrared scattering scanning near-field optical
microscopy (IR-sSNOM), a modern technique with the ability to overcome
limitations and provide simultaneous topographical, mechanical, and
chemical information. We demonstrate the capabilities of IR-sSNOM
for investigation of four samples of PVDF membranes modified with
2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide and/or methacryloyloxyethyl
phosphorylcholine in various ratios. These membranes, desirable for
their specific properties, represent a challenging material for analysis
due to their thermal instability and mechanical vulnerability. Employing
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, IR-sSNOM, and Raman
microscopy, we successfully overcame these challenges by carefully
selecting the experimental parameters and performing detailed characterization
of the polymer samples. Valuable insights into morphological and chemical
homogeneity, the abundance of modifying side chains, and the distribution
of different crystal phases of PVDF were obtained. Most notably, the
presence of modifying side chains was confirmed by FTIR microscopy,
the Raman spectral mapping revealed the distribution of crystalline
phases of the studied polymer, and the IR-sSNOM showed the abundance
of chemically diverse aggregates on the surface of the membranes,
thanks to the unique nanometer-scale resolution and chemical sensitivity
of this technique. This comprehensive approach represents a powerful
toolset for characterization of polymeric materials at the nano- and
microscale. We believe that this methodology can be applied to similar
samples, provided that their thermal stability is considered, opening
avenues for detailed exploration of physical and chemical properties
in various scientific applications.