Polyamide 6/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blend-Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Rigidity: Selective Localization of Carbon Nanotube and Organoclay

Lin, Hung‐Ming; Behera, Kartik; Yadav, Mithilesh; Chiu, Fu-Chien

doi:10.3390/polym12010184

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…107 °C after CF blend formation. The evident shift should be attributed to the homogeneous nucleation of PVDF in the various small PVDF domains in the blend [ 5 ]. The complicated exotherm (multiple peaks) of the blend was related to the distribution of different PVDF domain sizes (different degrees of homogeneous nucleation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystallization behavior of individual samples is similar to those cooled at 5 °C/min. The slight decrease in crystallization temperatures for the 40 °C/min cooled samples compared with their 5 °C/min cooled counterparts was mainly due to the thermal lag effect [3,5]. Figure 5a depicts the DSC melting endotherm of 5 • C/min cooled samples.…”

Section: Crystallization and Melting Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical properties of polymer matrices can be drastically modified with a small amount of nanofiller. Research of different nanofiller(s) polymer nanocomposites continues to be updated [3][4][5][6]. Among the nanofillers used, organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT, nanoclay) is one of the suitable choices for fabricating high-performance polymer nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay

et al. 2021

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Carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) individually or doubly served as reinforcing fillers in polycarbonate (PC)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-blend (designated CF)-based nanocomposites. Additionally, organo-montmorillonite (15A) was incorporated simultaneously with the individual carbon fillers to form hybrid filler nanocomposites. Microscopic images confirmed the selective localization of carbon fillers, mainly in the continuous PC phase, while 15A located in the PVDF domains. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that blending PVDF with PC or forming single/double carbon filler composites resulted in lower PVDF crystallization temperature during cooling. However, PVDF crystallization was promoted by the inclusion of 15A, and the growth of β-form crystals was induced. The rigidity of the CF blend increased after the formation of nanocomposites. Among the three individually added carbon fillers, GnPs improved the CF moduli the most; the simultaneous loading of CNT/GnP resulted in the highest moduli by up to 33%/46% increases in tensile/flexural moduli, respectively, compared with those of the CF blend. Rheological viscosity results showed that adding CNTs increased the complex viscosity of the blend to a greater extent than did adding CB or GnPs, and the viscosity further increased after adding 15A. The electrical resistivity of the blend decreased with the inclusion of carbon fillers, particularly with CNT loading.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crystallization and Melting Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay

et al. 2021

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“…Polymer composites allow for convenient tailorability and flexible design of properties. There has been much interest on using high-performance carbon-based materials as filler for polymer composite fabrication, such as graphene [4] and carbon nanotubes [5]. Although they promise excellent reinforcing…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underutilized Agricultural Co-Product as a Sustainable Biofiller for Polyamide 6,6: Effect of Carbonization Temperature

et al. 2020

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Polyamide 6,6 (PA66)-based biocomposites with low-cost carbonaceous natural fibers (i.e., soy hulls, co-product from soybean industry) were prepared through twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. The soy hull natural fiber was pyrolyzed at two different temperatures (500 °C and 900 °C denoted as BioC500 and BioC900 respectively) to obtain different types of biocarbons. The BioC500 preserved a higher number of functional groups as compared to BioC900. Higher graphitic carbon content was observed on the BioC900 than BioC500 as evident in Raman spectroscopy. Both biocarbons interact with the PA66 backbone through hydrogen bonding in different ways. BioC900 has a greater interaction with N-H stretching, while BioC500 interacts strongly with the amide I (C=O stretching) linkage. The BioC500 interrupts the crystallite growth of PA66 due to strong bond connection while the BioC900 promotes heterogeneous crystallization. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that both biocarbons result in an increasing storage modulus and glass transition temperature with increasing content in the BioC/PA66 biocomposites over PA66. Rheological analysis shows that the incorporation of BioC900 results in decreasing melt viscosity of PA66, while the incorporation of BioC500 results in increasing the melt viscosity of PA66 due to greater filler–matrix adhesion. This study shows that pyrolyzed soy hull natural fiber can be processed effectively with a high temperature (>270 °C) engineering plastic for biocomposites fabrication with no degradation issues.

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“…Since almost all polymer blend combinations reveal immiscible morphology due to macrophase separation, the mechanical properties of the materials deteriorate [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. As phase separation is inevitable, a lot of effort has been done to control the apparent morphologies by various compatibilization methods, such as multi-step reactive extrusion [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] and the addition of inorganic or hybrid nanoparticles [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and copolymers with various functionalities [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

2020

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Two different blend ratios of polyamide 66 (PA66) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) (60/40 and 40/60 w/w) were produced via melt mixing. A styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was utilized at various contents from 2.5–15 wt% to compatibilize the immiscible blend system. The influence of SMA content and blend ratio was investigated based on (thermo-) mechanical and morphological properties of the PA66/PPE blends. Correlations between the interaction of SMA with the blend partners were established. For 60/40 blends, a droplet-sea morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy, wherein no major changes were seen upon SMA addition. In the case of 40/60 blends, strong coalescence was found in the binary blend. Up to 5 wt% SMA, the coalescence was inhibited by the interfacial activity of SMA, whereas 10 wt% SMA initiated a disperse-to-co-continuous transition, which was completed at 15 wt% SMA. An enhancement of tensile properties was achieved for all blends possessing SMA, where the maximum concentration of 15 wt% resulted in the highest elongation at break and tensile strength values. The relative improvement of the tensile properties was higher with the PPE-rich blend (40/60) which was attributed to a partial emulsification of the PPE phases forming a bimodal PPE domain size distribution with nano-droplets in the range of 60–160 nm.

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Polyamide 6/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blend-Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Rigidity: Selective Localization of Carbon Nanotube and Organoclay

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay

Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites—Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay

Underutilized Agricultural Co-Product as a Sustainable Biofiller for Polyamide 6,6: Effect of Carbonization Temperature

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

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