Polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAAE) wet-strength agent: Generations, application, performance, and recyclability in paperboard and linerboard

Ntifafa, Yao; Ji, Yun; Hart, Peter W.

doi:10.15376/biores.19.2.ntifafa

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many wet strength agents are obtainable on the market, either synthetic or natural, each with its specific mechanism of action and benefits. Often used in the paper industry, wet strength agents are synthetic resins, such as melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) [13,14], polyvinyl amines (PVAm) [15][16][17], and polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAAE) [18,19]. The leading wet strength agent in the current world market, PAAE, has been in development since the 1960s and is currently in its fourth generation [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striving for Sustainable Solutions: Optimizing Utility Properties of Recycled Paper with the Addition of Wet Strength Resin

Małachowska

2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paper producers are increasingly challenged to meet customer demands for high-quality sanitary papers amidst rising price pressures and diminishing quality of recycled fibers. One promising avenue for enhancing paper quality involves augmenting wet strength. For this purpose, synthetic wet strength resins are used, among other things. This study explores the efficacy of utilizing a polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin-based agent for the internal sizing of white wastepaper. Such chemicals, when added to cellulosic fibers in proper amounts before the paper is made, can not only improve water resistance and air permeability of the finished product but also significantly affect both the dry and wet strength paper, which is a crucial aspect for sanitary papers. This study shows that the appropriate addition of resin allows the wetted recycled paper to retain even more than 30% of its dry strength, while in the dry state, the breaking strength of the paper is improved by approximately 46%. As the demand for more sustainable and resistant paper products continues to grow, the use of wet strength agents is expected to increase in the coming years, as well as the need for research in this field. This research therefore undoubtedly contributes to advancing sustainable practices within the paper industry, aligning with the principles of circular economy by optimizing the utility of recycled fibers while maintaining product quality.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striving for Sustainable Solutions: Optimizing Utility Properties of Recycled Paper with the Addition of Wet Strength Resin

Małachowska

2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

SiO2-based molecularly imprinted polymer composites and its application in fluorescence sensor analysis of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in paper food contact materials

Zhao,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Expert Survey on the Impact of Cardboard and Paper Recycling Processes, Fiber-Based Composites/Laminates and Regulations, and Their Significance for the Circular Economy and the Sustainability of the German Paper Industry

Belle,

Hirtz,

Sängerlaub

2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Community is striving for a sustainable society as suggested by the UN’s 2015 sustainability goals. The circular economy in the paper and packaging industry is of particular importance here because it consumes many resources. The paper industry in Germany with a fiber recycling rate of 85% in 2022 is already a pioneer and role model for other industries. All materials should be recyclable. Fiber-based composites/laminates are currently becoming increasingly important. Essential questions are: which collection systems and recycling paths should be used for fiber-based composites/laminates, and where are there currently challenges with recycling? To answer these questions, 58 questionnaires answered by German experts and practitioners in the German paper industry were evaluated. Wet-strength papers, adhesives, plastic coatings and wax dispersions were perceived as a problem by 70% of all respondents, and packaging residues by almost 40%. Additionally, 90% stated that the composition of paper for recycling changes regularly due to legislation, trends and innovations, while 60% attributed this to recent changes in legislation. For at least 80%, virgin fibers from packaging are valuable for paper recycling, but only 15% of respondents stated that virgin fibers compensate for the disadvantages of rejects. Almost 90% expected challenges with fiber-based composites/laminates in the existing paper for recycling processes. Overall, the collection and recycling of fiber-based composites/laminates in conventional paper for recycling collection and the recycling system is not desirable. An integrated collection, sorting and recycling system should be considered, especially because a further increase in fiber-based composites is to be expected. In the end, the design for recycling and following recycling guidelines are the key to the recycling industry in the future. Good recyclability of fiber-based composites/laminates would improve their acceptance by paper recyclers. Their virgin fibers are particularly valuable. The results of our study are relevant to the recycling and fiber industry, standard-setting bodies, regulatory authorities and research. The limitation of this study is that experts from the paper industry were interviewed, but the recyclability of the fiber materials was not analyzed by measurement, and the machine technology of the interviewees could not be examined and evaluated.

show abstract

Polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAAE) wet-strength agent: Generations, application, performance, and recyclability in paperboard and linerboard

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Striving for Sustainable Solutions: Optimizing Utility Properties of Recycled Paper with the Addition of Wet Strength Resin

Striving for Sustainable Solutions: Optimizing Utility Properties of Recycled Paper with the Addition of Wet Strength Resin

SiO2-based molecularly imprinted polymer composites and its application in fluorescence sensor analysis of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in paper food contact materials

Expert Survey on the Impact of Cardboard and Paper Recycling Processes, Fiber-Based Composites/Laminates and Regulations, and Their Significance for the Circular Economy and the Sustainability of the German Paper Industry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About