Polyamine- and Amino Acid-Related Metabolism: The Roles of Arginine and Ornithine are Associated with the Embryogenic Potential

Abstract

The mechanisms that control polyamine (PA) metabolism in plant cell lines with different embryogenic potential are not well understood. This study involved the use of two Araucaria angustifolia cell lines, one of which was defined as being blocked, in that the cells were incapable of developing somatic embryos, and the other as being responsive, as the cells could generate somatic embryos. Cellular PA metabolism was modulated by using 5 mM arginine (Arg) or ornithine (Orn) at two time points during cell growth. Two days after subculturing with Arg, an increase in citrulline (Cit) content was observed, followed by a higher expression of genes related to PA catabolism in the responsive cell line; whereas, in the blocked cell line, we only observed an accumulation of PAs. After 14 d, metabolism was directed towards putrescine accumulation in both cell lines. Exogenous Arg and Orn not only caused a change in cellular contents of PAs, but also altered the abundance of a broader spectrum of amino acids. Specifically, Cit was the predominant amino acid. We also noted changes in the expression of genes related to PA biosynthesis and catabolism. These results indicate that Arg and Orn act as regulators of both biosynthetic and catabolic PA metabolites; however, we suggest that they have distinct roles associated with embryogenic potential of the cells.

Polyamine Function in Plants: Metabolism, Regulation on Development, and Roles in Abiotic Stress Responses

“…The ODC gene has been lost from Arabidopsis thaliana and many members of the Brassicaceae (Hanfrey et al, 2010), indicating that the ornithine pathway is not essential for normal growth. In the third route, Arg is first converted into citrulline (Cit), which is then decarboxylated by citrulline decarboxylase (CDC) to form Put (Han, 2016; Ouyang et al, 2017; De Oliveira et al, 2018). To date, the Cit pathway has only been found in sesame, and so the first two pathways are more common in plants.…”

“…This kind of PA forms the largest pools of PAs in plants (Kusano et al, 2008; Bassard et al, 2010). Many studies have confirmed that PSCC-PAs act as secondary metabolites, and participate not only in the local allergic reaction of plants against external infestation (Kumar et al, 1997), but also in plant morphogenesis (de Oliveira et al, 2016; De Oliveira et al, 2018; Mustafavi et al, 2018).…”

Differential expression of polyamine biosynthetic pathways in skin lesions and in plasma reveals distinct profiles in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis

“…Polyamine trofiles. The polyamine profiles and content were performed according to a previous study 38 Briefly, serum samples from patients with Leishmaniasis (60 µl) were mixed with cold 5% (v/v) perchloric acid at a ratio of 1:4 (v/v). Then, the samples were submitted to three cycles of freezing (− 20 °C) and thawing (at room temperature), prior to centrifugation at 11,000g for 10 min.…”

“…Dansylated polyamines were resuspended in 100 µl of acetonitrile. Polyamines were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Shimadzu, Japan) using a C18 reversed-phase column (5 µm × 4.6 mm × 250 mm-Sulpelcosil, Supelco), as described previously 38 . Polyamines were detected at 340 nm (excitation) and 510 nm (emission) wavelengths with an RF-20A fluorescence detector (Shimadzu).…”

Polyamines-A Positive Modulator against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on Plants: Review of Current Knowledge

“…During oxidative stress of plants, polyamines play a complicated role (69). First on, PAs may also enhance the potential of various anti-oxidant enzymes in plants, just so oxidant stress due to diverse environmental factors can actually be controlled.…”