Polyamine biosynthesis and degradation are modulated by exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid in root-zone hypoxia-stressed melon roots

Wang, Chunyan; Fan, Longquan; Gao, Hongbo; Wu, Xiaolei; Li, Jingrui; Lv, Guiyun; Gong, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.04.018

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These data indicate that higher FS and SCS levels are not required to cope with Cd stress. PA biosynthesis and degradation by exogenous GABA has been reported in other plant species under stressful conditions 82,83 . However, in our study increased levels of SCS were observed in both Cd-exposed and control plants.…”

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confidence: 89%

γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems

Seifikalhor

Aliniaeifard

Bernard

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates in plants following exposure to heavy metals. to investigate the role of GABA in cadmium (cd) tolerance and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, GABA (0, 25 and 50 µM) was applied to cd-treated maize plants. Vegetative growth parameters were improved in both cd-treated and control plants due to GABA application. cd uptake and translocation were considerably inhibited by GABA. Antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced in plants subjected to cd. concurrently GABA caused further increases in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, which led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondealdehyde contents under stress conditions. polyamine biosynthesis-responsive genes, namely ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, were induced by GABA in plants grown under cd shock. GABA suppressed polyamine oxidase, a gene related to polyamine catabolism, when plants were exposed to Cd. Consequently, different forms of polyamines were elevated in Cd-exposed plants following GABA application. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (F v /f m) was decreased by cd-exposed plants, but was completely restored by GABA to the same value in the control. these results suggest a multifaceted contribution of GABA, through regulation of cd uptake, production of reactive oxygen species and polyamine metabolism, in response to cd stress. Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is considered a major threat to living organisms. HM-polluted soils derived from increasing geologic and anthropogenic activities have significantly impacted the production of high-quality agricultural crops in certain regions of the world. Plants growing on these soils exhibit reduced growth, photosynthetic performance, and yield 1. As a naturally occurring HM pollutant, Cd exposure has been documented in most organisms, particularly plants and humans 2. World fertilizer consumption is increasing and will eventually reach a point where the drawbacks outweigh the benefits 3. The same mechanisms that drive improved plant productivity often create side effects such as environmental contamination. Furthermore, some components of fertilizers, especially Cd, accumulate in both body and food chain, where they remain for an extended period and causes adverse health effects 4. Therefore, fertilizers containing very high levels of Cd (417 mg/kg) threaten human health by accumulation in important crop such as maize 5. Maize, as one of the most popular cereal grain, is widely cultivated across the world. Maize is also produced at an industrial scale as a key input in various products such as syrups, soft drinks and charcoals 6,7. Therefore, there is a strong incentive to minimize the toxic effects of Cd in maize.

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confidence: 89%

γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems

Seifikalhor

Aliniaeifard

Bernard

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It is sensitive to the root-zone gas environment, and often suffers from root-zone low O 2 and high CO 2 stress in irrigated field cultivation. The responses of melon to root-zone hypoxia have been widely reported [18,19]. By contrast, there is little information on the mechanism of the oriental melon's response to elevated root-zone CO 2 , especially at the transcriptome level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated Root-Zone CO2 on Root Morphology and Nitrogen Metabolism Revealed by Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis in Oriental Melon Seedling Roots

Chen

Yin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Rhizosphere CO2 is vital for crop growth, development, and productivity. However, the mechanisms of plants’ responses to root-zone CO2 are unclear. Oriental melons are sensitive to root-zone gas, often encountering high root-zone CO2 during cultivation. We investigated root growth and nitrogen metabolism in oriental melons under T1 (0.5%) and T2 (1.0%) root-zone CO2 concentrations using physiology and comparative transcriptome analysis. T1 and T2 increased root vigor and the nitrogen content in the short term. With increased treatment time and CO2 concentration, root inhibition increased, characterized by decreased root absorption, incomplete root cell structure, accelerated starch accumulation and hydrolysis, and cell aging. We identified 1280 and 1042 differentially expressed genes from T1 and T2, respectively, compared with 0.037% CO2-grown plants. Among them, 683 co-expressed genes are involved in stress resistance and nitrogen metabolism (enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism). Nitrogen metabolism gene expression, enzyme activity, and nitrogen content analyses showed that short-term elevated root-zone CO2 mainly regulated plant nitrogen metabolism post-transcriptionally, and directly inhibited it transcriptionally in the long term. These findings provided a basis for further investigation of nitrogen regulation by candidate genes in oriental melons under elevated root-zone CO2.

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“…Recent studies have indicated that GABA is required for proper growth during exposure to abiotic stresses such as salt (Renault et al, 2013), drought (Mekonnen, Flügge & Ludewig, 2016), low temperature (Aghdam et al, 2016), Zn 2+ (Daş et al, 2016), and cadmium (Sun et al, 2010). Additionally, exogenous GABA has been shown to regulate the expression of genes such as BnNrt2 in Brassica napus (Beuve et al, 2004), 14-3-3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Lancien & Roberts, 2006), SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) in Cucumis melo (Wang et al, 2014), and to control gene transcription in Caragana intermedia (Shi et al, 2010) and A. thaliana (Batushansky et al, 2014). The metabolite GABA has been shown to play roles in a diverse range of cellular processes ranging from neuronal inhibition in animals to pollen-tube development in plants (Michaeli & Fromm, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of two CiGADs from Caragana intermedia and their transcriptional responses to abiotic stresses and exogenous abscisic acid

Zheng

Yue

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundGlutamate decarboxylase (GAD), as a key enzyme in the γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamate to form GABA. This pathway has attracted much interest because of its roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, stress responses, and signaling in higher plants. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize genes encoding GADs from Caragana intermedia, an important nitrogen-fixing leguminous shrub.MethodsTwo full-length cDNAs encoding GADs (designated as CiGAD1 and CiGAD2) were isolated and characterized. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate their structures and identities to each other and to homologs in other plants. Tissue expression analyses were conducted to evaluate their transcriptional responses to stress (NaCl, ZnSO4, CdCl2, high/low temperature, and dehydration) and exogenous abscisic acid.ResultsThe CiGADs contained the conserved PLP domain and calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain in the C-terminal region. The phylogenetic analysis showed that they were more closely related to the GADs of soybean, another legume, than to GADs of other model plants. According to Southern blotting analysis, CiGAD1 had one copy and CiGAD2-related genes were present as two copies in C. intermedia. In the tissue expression analyses, there were much higher transcript levels of CiGAD2 than CiGAD1 in bark, suggesting that CiGAD2 might play a role in secondary growth of woody plants. Several stress treatments (NaCl, ZnSO4, CdCl2, high/low temperature, and dehydration) significantly increased the transcript levels of both CiGADs, except for CiGAD2 under Cd stress. The CiGAD1 transcript levels strongly increased in response to Zn stress (74.3-fold increase in roots) and heat stress (218.1-fold increase in leaves). The transcript levels of both CiGADs significantly increased as GABA accumulated during a 24-h salt treatment. Abscisic acid was involved in regulating the expression of these two CiGADs under salt stress.DiscussionThis study showed that two CiGADs cloned from C. intermedia are closely related to homologs in another legume, soybean. CiGAD2 expression was much higher than that of CiGAD1 in bark, indicating that CiGAD2 might participate in the process of secondary growth in woody plants. Multiple stresses, interestingly, showed that Zn and heat stresses had the strongest effects on CiGAD1 expression, suggesting that CiGAD1 plays important roles in the responses to Zn and heat stresses. Additionally, these two genes might be involved in ABA dependent pathway during stress. This result provides important information about the role of GADs in woody plants’ responses to environmental stresses.

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Polyamine biosynthesis and degradation are modulated by exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid in root-zone hypoxia-stressed melon roots

Cited by 77 publications

References 37 publications

γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems

γ-Aminobutyric acid confers cadmium tolerance in maize plants by concerted regulation of polyamine metabolism and antioxidant defense systems

Effects of Elevated Root-Zone CO2 on Root Morphology and Nitrogen Metabolism Revealed by Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis in Oriental Melon Seedling Roots

Identification of two CiGADs from Caragana intermedia and their transcriptional responses to abiotic stresses and exogenous abscisic acid

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