Polyamine levels in breast milk are associated with mothers' dietary intake and are higher in preterm than full‐term human milk and formulas

Ali, Mohamed A.; Strandvik, Birgitta; Sabel, Karl‐Göran; Palme-Kilander, C.; Strömberg, Roger; Yngve, Agneta

doi:10.1111/jhn.12156

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…The major polyamines in breast milk are spermidine and spermine and their contents differ considerably, with coefficients of variation >68 and 53%, respectively. Spermine values are generally higher, except in two studies by the same author, in which higher values are reported for spermidine (11, 25). As indicated in Table 1, the breast milk analyzed in different studies corresponds to different phases of lactation, which could contribute to the high variability observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…It is known that during rapid cell growth, particularly in the neonatal stage, the need for polyamines increases (4, 5, 21, 23, 24). Requirements are also higher after surgery or during periods of wound-healing and aging (2, 23, 25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyamines (spermine and spermidine) promote the proliferation and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and are involved in the differentiation and development of the immune system (5, 21, 25–31). In addition, due to their antioxidant properties, these compounds can participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response (12, 22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans it is widely reported that breast milk enhances the maturation of immune cells and decreases intestinal permeability to antigenic macromolecules, reducing the risk of food hypersensitivity in the infant (21, 25, 26, 29, 35, 36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamines in Food

et al. 2019

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The polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are involved in various biological processes, notably in cell proliferation and differentiation, and also have antioxidant properties. Dietary polyamines have important implications in human health, mainly in the intestinal maturation and in the differentiation and development of immune system. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyamine can also play an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. In addition to endogenous synthesis, food is an important source of polyamines. Although there are no recommendations for polyamine daily intake, it is known that in stages of rapid cell growth (i.e., in the neonatal period), polyamine requirements are high. Additionally, de novo synthesis of polyamines tends to decrease with age, which is why their dietary sources acquire a greater importance in an aging population. Polyamine daily intake differs among to the available estimations, probably due to different dietary patterns and methodologies of data collection. Polyamines can be found in all types of foods in a wide range of concentrations. Spermidine and spermine are naturally present in food whereas putrescine could also have a microbial origin. The main polyamine in plant-based products is spermidine, whereas spermine content is generally higher in animal-derived foods. This article reviews the main implications of polyamines for human health, as well as their content in food and breast milk and infant formula. In addition, the estimated levels of polyamines intake in different populations are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamines in Food

et al. 2019

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“…The scant information that is available relates only to PAs, but indicates human milk to contain substantial amounts of spermidine and spermine, and lower concentrations of putrescine [7]. PA concentrations are influenced by a number of factors including the mother’s age, her genetic background, ethnicity, nutritional status, diet, how long she has been lactating, and whether her child was born at term or was premature [8,9,10]. In infants, putrescine, spermidine and spermine are essential in cell growth and proliferation, particularly in the gut [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mastitis Modifies the Biogenic Amines Profile in Human Milk, with Significant Changes in the Presence of Histamine, Putrescine and Spermine

et al. 2016

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Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight nitrogenous organic compounds with different biological activities. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are essential for the development of the gut and immune system of newborns, and are all found in human milk. Little is known, however, about the role of histamine, tyramine or cadaverine in breast milk. Nor is it known whether mastitis alters the BA composition of milk. The BA profile of human milk, and the influence of mastitis on BA concentrations, were therefore investigated. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine were the main BAs detected. In mastitis-affected milk, the concentrations of putrescine, spermine and histamine were higher.

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Human Milk

Park

2017

Handbook of Milk of Non‐Bovine Mammals

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Polyamine levels in breast milk are associated with mothers' dietary intake and are higher in preterm than full‐term human milk and formulas

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Polyamines in Food

Polyamines in Food

Mastitis Modifies the Biogenic Amines Profile in Human Milk, with Significant Changes in the Presence of Histamine, Putrescine and Spermine

Human Milk

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