Polyamines and Protein Metabolism in Maize Inbreds Differing in Seed Protein Content

Anguillesi, M.C.; Grilli, Isa; Floris, C.

doi:10.1093/jxb/33.5.1014

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In maize seeds, low germination potential has been correlated with low contents of protein and free polyamines [2] . In rice seeds, the situation seems to be the opposite, with the content of free amines (putrescine, spermidine and tyramine) being one order of magnitude higher in lowviability seeds compared to those with a high germination potential .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and related enzymes in rice seeds differing in germination potential

1994

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In ungerminated rice seeds, (Japonica rice variety, CV Tapei 309), the content of free amines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine) was higher in seed lots having a low germination frequency compared to those with high germination potential . Conversely, amine conjugates (di-feruloylputrescine, di-feruloylspermidine, diferuloyldiaminopropane and feruloyltyramine) decreased with loss of viability . Thus, these compounds appeared to constitute biochemical markers of seed viability . In seeds with high germination potential, conjugates decreased drastically during germination, with an early and rapid increase in free amines (putrescine, spermidine, tyramine) . Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity was highest during the germination of high germination potential seeds, its activity gradually declining with loss of viability and being closely correlated with agmatine content . The polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors (a-DL-difluoromethylarginine, DFMA, a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ADC ; a-DL-difluoromethylornithine, DFMO, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) ; cyclohexylammonium sulfate, CHA, inhibitor of spermidine synthase) neither depleted putrescine and spermidine levels nor inhibited germination in high germination potential seeds . In low germination potential seeds, the germination process was inhibited by DFMA or CHA . Application of agmatine resulted in a reversal of inhibition . DFMA inhibited ADC activity in both categories of seeds . In low germination potential seeds treated with CHA no ADC activity was found . These results suggest that amines are involved in the germination process of rice seeds . It appears that amine conjugates may serve as a storage form of amines which, upon enzymatic hydrolysis, could supply the cell with an additional amine reserve and influence cell division and/or cell elongation .Abbreviations : ADC = arginine decarboxylase ; ODC = ornithine decarboxylase ; DFMA = a-DL-difluoromethylarginine ; DFMO = a-DL-difluoromethylornithine ; CHA = cyclohexylammonium sulfate .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and related enzymes in rice seeds differing in germination potential

1994

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“…Although PAs are related to growth in a number of model systems, the content of these polycations in ripe seeds does not always correlate with the germination capacity. In Zea mays seeds, low germination potential has been correlated with low free PA content (Anguillesi et al, 1982;Sepulveda and Sanchez-Jimenez, 1988). In rice seeds, however, the situation seems to be the opposite, with the content of free PAs being one order of magnitude higher in poorly germinating seeds than in those with a high germination potential (Mukhopadhyay et al, 1983).…”

Section: Polyamines In Matured Dry Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and seed germination

Matilla

1996

SSR

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This review examines the presence of free and bound PAs during the life cycle of seeds. Although data are still rather scarce, PAs, present, but with an unknown function during embryogenesis, are accumulated in relatively high quantities in mature dry seeds of some species. PA concentration can be altered by the process of stratification, and PAs are synthesized in growing organs after germination, but it is also possible that the reserve organs synthesize and export some types of PA to the axis. This metabolism and sink-source relationship depend on the germination conditions and on the greater or lesser presence of enzymes related to synthesis (ADC, ODC, LDC and AdoMetDC) and degradation (DAO and PAO) of free PAs. The biochemical mechanism binding the PAs to a series of compounds of low and high molecular weight is currently unknown in seeds. The present study also considers intra- and intercellular compartmentation of free and bound PAs in growing axes and the physiological implications of the ethylene-production pathway in relation to seed behaviour.

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“…Changes in the content of polyamines were observed during removal of dormancy in tubers (Bagni et ai. 1982, Kaur-Sawhney et al 1982 and seeds (Szczotka 1984b), during seed germination (Villanueva et al 1978;Anguillessi et al 1982, Bagni et al 1982, Lin 1984) and seedling growth (Ramakrishna andAdiga 1975a,b,, Bagni et al 1982). Generally, both the activity of enzymes leading to PAs biosynthesis and the content of PAs increase together with germination and rapid growth of tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and ethylene in the removal of embryonal dormancy in apple seeds

Sińska¹,

Lewandowska²

1991

Physiol Plant

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Siriska, I. and Lewandowska, U. 1991. Polyamines and ethylene in the removal of embryonal dormancy in apple seeds. -Physiol Plant. 81: 59-64.Putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) were found in seeds of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Antonovka), in amounts that increased in the order given. The levels slowly decreased during 30 days of stratification. Exogenous polyamines (PAs) affected germination of isolated embryos in a way dependent on the type of polyamine, its concentration, and the state of the embryo dormancy. The effect of Put and Spd on germination was stimulatory, while that of Spm was inhibitory. Stimulation of germination was also observed when embryos were treated with arginine, ornithine and methionine. Canavanine inhibited germination, and this effect was reversed by arginine or Put. Ethephon, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) present during seed stratification had no effect on the levels of endogenous PAs. Put and Spd did not change ethylene production, neither during seed stratification nor during embryo germination, whereas Spm reduced ethylene evolution. The data suggest that Spm plays a role in the maintenance of dormancy by preventing ethylene production, while Put and Spd participate in dormancy removal, independently of ethylene.

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Polyamines and Protein Metabolism in Maize Inbreds Differing in Seed Protein Content

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Polyamines and related enzymes in rice seeds differing in germination potential

Polyamines and related enzymes in rice seeds differing in germination potential

Polyamines and seed germination

Polyamines and ethylene in the removal of embryonal dormancy in apple seeds

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