Polyamines and transglutaminases: biological, clinical, and biotechnological perspectives

Agostinelli, Enzo

doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1688-0

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…On the other hand, TG dysfunction leads to tumor formation in various carcinomas (9,10). In contrast to the epidermal TGs, TG2 (tissue TG) is ubiquitously expressed and involved in various biological events (11)(12)(13). The analysis of TG2 knockout mice showed impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material and aberrant wound healing (14).…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors

Karashima

Furumura

Ishii

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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We investigated protein expression and in situ activity of transglutaminases (TGs) in normal skin and various epidermal neoplasms. In normal skin, TG1 protein expression and TG activity were found at keratinocyte cell membranes in upper epidermis and granular layer, respectively. In seborrhoeic keratosis, TG1 protein was expressed evenly throughout tumors, while TG activity increased in gradient fashion from lower tumor area to cornified layer. In squamous cell carcinoma, TG1 protein was expressed at inner side of cell membranes, whereas TG activity was found in cytoplasm predominantly at horn pearls. In basal cell carcinoma, weak TG activity was found in cytoplasm of all tumor cells without the presence of TG1 protein.Immunoblotting and in situ activity assays using specific substrate peptides confirmed that TG2, but not TG1, contributed to the TG activity. These results suggested that different expression and activation of TGs may contribute to characteristics of the skin tumors.

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Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors

Karashima

Furumura

Ishii

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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“…The use of core-shell systems as novel nano-carriers for the amine oxidases [AO] enzyme [17] and, in particular, the use of polyamine-degrading enzymes such as bovine serum amine oxidases [BSAO] for cancer treatment has been already investigated [18]. In fact, BSAO, a homodimeric copper enzyme of 170 kDa, catalyses the oxidative deamination of primary amines, such as spermine and spermidine, and favours the formation of highly cytotoxic aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconjugation of gold-polymer core–shell nanoparticles with bovine serum amine oxidase for biomedical applications

Venditti

Hassanein

Fratoddi

et al. 2015

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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“…Polyamines have the ability to stabilize alternate conformations of nucleic acids (e.g., RNA, DNA) and proteins. Indeed, the excessive free polyamines can lead to changes in the immunogenic character of a protein as recently demonstrated for transglutaminases [114]. Moreover, if polyamine recycling is active, there can be an increase in acetylated polyamines that can interfere with normal polyamine functions.…”

Section: Polyamines and Autoantigensmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Review of Autoimmune Disease Hypotheses with Introduction of the “Nucleolus” Hypothesis

Brooks

2016

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain the complexity of autoimmune diseases. These hypotheses provide frameworks towards understanding the relations between triggers, autoantigen development, symptoms, and demographics. However, testing and refining these hypotheses are difficult tasks since autoimmune diseases have a potentially overwhelming number of variables due to the influence on autoimmune diseases from environmental factors, genetics, and epigenetics. Typically, the hypotheses are narrow in scope, for example, explaining the diseases in terms of genetics without defining detailed roles for environmental factors or epigenetics. Here, we present a brief review of the major hypotheses of autoimmune diseases including a new one related to the consequences of abnormal nucleolar interactions with chromatin, the "nucleolus" hypothesis which was originally termed the "inactive X chromosome and nucleolus nexus" hypothesis. Indeed, the dynamic nucleolus can expand as part of a cellular stress response and potentially engulf portions of chromatin, leading to disruption of the chromatin. The inactive X chromosome (a.k.a. the Barr body) is particularly vulnerable due to its close proximity to the nucleolus. In addition, the polyamines, present at high levels in the nucleolus, are also suspected of contributing to the development of autoantigens.

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Polyamines and transglutaminases: biological, clinical, and biotechnological perspectives

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors

Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors

Bioconjugation of gold-polymer core–shell nanoparticles with bovine serum amine oxidase for biomedical applications

A Review of Autoimmune Disease Hypotheses with Introduction of the “Nucleolus” Hypothesis

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