Polyamines: Emerging players in bacteria–host interactions

Martino, Maria Letizia Di; Campilongo, Rosaria; Casalino, Maria Assunta; Micheli, Gioacchino; Colonna, Bianca; Prosseda, Gianni

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.06.008

Cited by 141 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…In bacteria, the internal concentration of polyamines is regulated metabolically and through membrane transport [1,23,29] . Several bacteria isolated from human milk have been identified as putrescine producers, which may be a species-level characteristic [30,31] .…”

Section: Milk Polyamines and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the variety of polyamines found in bacteria is higher than it is in mammals, the 2 most common and dominant polyamines are putrescine and spermidine [1,22] . Bacteria control the intracellular content of polyamines by biosynthesis from amino acids and uptake mechanisms, as well as by degradation and efflux processes [23] . Recent studies suggest that polyamines play a crucial role in both mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and the beneficial effects of probiotics [23,24] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria control the intracellular content of polyamines by biosynthesis from amino acids and uptake mechanisms, as well as by degradation and efflux processes [23] . Recent studies suggest that polyamines play a crucial role in both mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and the beneficial effects of probiotics [23,24] . Consequently, changes in milk polyamines could be associated with changes in both milk microbiota and infant intestinal microbiota composition and activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location

et al. 2017

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Background/Aims: The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the polyamine levels in human milk obtained from different countries and through different modes of delivery, and to investigate their association with breast milk microbes. Methods: Mature breast milk samples were obtained from 78 healthy mothers after 1 month of lactation from 4 different geographical locations: Finland, Spain (Europe); South Africa (Africa); and China (Asia). Polyamines were determined using HPLC after dansyl derivatization and milk microbiota was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The mean values of polyamines in breast milk were 70.0, 424.2, and 610.0 nmol/dL for putrescine, spermidine and spermine, respectively, and 1,170.9 nmol/dL of total polyamines. The levels of putrescine were significantly higher in Spain (p < 0.05) and spermidine levels were significantly higher in Finland (p < 0.05) compared with other countries. Cesarean delivery had an impact on polyamine levels and it was related to an increase in the putrescine concentration being significant in Spanish samples (p < 0.01). Furthermore, putrescine levels were correlated positively with Gammaproteobacteria (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), especially with Pseudomonas fragi (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results demonstrate significant effect of geographical variations in human milk polyamine concentrations, being correlated with human milk microbiota composition. These differences may have an impact on infant development during lactation.

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Section: Milk Polyamines and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location

et al. 2017

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“…Considerable evidence has recently built up that bacteria have evolved mechanisms to turn polyamines to their own advantage in order to increase their fitness within the host. In particular, major polyamines (cadaverine, spermidine, putrescine) have been shown to optimize virulence processes and intracellular survival rates in several human pathogens [26], [27]. In this respect, Shigella exhibits a peculiarity since polyamines have antagonistic effects on the invasive process: while higher spermidine levels correlate with an increased survival of Shigella during the infection of macrophages [22], the lack of cadaverine production increases the pathogenic potential of the bacterium in host tissues [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Functional Profiling of the Polyamine Content in Enteroinvasive E. coli : Looking into the Gap between Commensal E. coli and Harmful Shigella

et al. 2014

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Polyamines are small molecules associated with a wide variety of physiological functions. Bacterial pathogens have developed subtle strategies to exploit polyamines or manipulate polyamine-related processes to optimize fitness within the host. During the transition from its innocuous E. coli ancestor, Shigella, the aetiological agent of bacillary dysentery, has undergone drastic genomic rearrangements affecting the polyamine profile. A pathoadaptation process involving the speG gene and the cad operon has led to spermidine accumulation and loss of cadaverine. While a higher spermidine content promotes the survival of Shigella within infected macrophages, the lack of cadaverine boosts the pathogenic potential of the bacterium in host tissues. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) display the same pathogenicity process as Shigella, but have a higher infectious dose and a higher metabolic activity. Pathoadaption events affecting the cad locus have occurred also in EIEC, silencing cadaverine production. Since EIEC are commonly regarded as evolutionary intermediates between E. coli and Shigella, we investigated on their polyamine profile in order to better understand which changes have occurred along the path to pathogenicity. By functional and molecular analyses carried out in EIEC strains belonging to different serotypes, we show that speG has been silenced in one strain only, favouring resistance to oxidative stress conditions and survival within macrophages. At the same time, we observe that the content of spermidine and putrescine, a relevant intermediate in the synthesis of spermidine, is higher in all strains as compared to E. coli. This may represent an evolutionary response to the lack of cadaverine. Indeed, restoring cadaverine synthesis decreases the expression of the speC gene, whose product affects putrescine production. In the light of these results, we discuss the possible impact of pathoadaptation events on the evolutionary emergence of a polyamine profile favouring to the pathogenic lifestyle of Shigella and EIEC.

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“…In nature they are abundantly present both as unconjugated derivatives or conjugated to phenolic acids and biological macromolecules such as DNA/RNA complexes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The polyamines' unique structural and electronic features are responsible for their multiple roles and modes of action, which are mainly governed through ionic interactions of the spaced positive charges [4].…”

Section: Polyamines In Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines and α-Carbonic Anhydrases

2016

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Natural products represent a straightforward source for molecular structures bearing a vast array of chemical features and potentially useful for biomedical purposes. Recent examples of this type include the discovery of the coumarins and the polyamine natural products as atypical chemotypes for the inhibition of the metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.2.1). CA enzymes are established pharmacological targets for important pathologies, which, among others, include glaucoma, hypoxic tumors, and central nervous system (CNS)-affecting diseases. Moreover, they are expressed in many bacteria, fungi and helminths which are the etiological agents of the majority of infectious diseases. In this context, natural products represent the ideal source of new and selective druggable CA modulators for biomedical purposes. Herein we report the state of the art on polyamines of natural origin as well as of synthetic derivatives as inhibitors of human CAs.

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Polyamines: Emerging players in bacteria–host interactions

Cited by 141 publications

References 64 publications

Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location

Breast Milk Polyamines and Microbiota Interactions: Impact of Mode of Delivery and Geographical Location

Molecular and Functional Profiling of the Polyamine Content in Enteroinvasive E. coli : Looking into the Gap between Commensal E. coli and Harmful Shigella

Polyamines and α-Carbonic Anhydrases

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