Polyamines in Human Breast Milk

Büyükuslu, Nihal

doi:10.4274/jcp.44227

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, in the human milk samples from mothers of term infants, putrescine was 50% lower, spermidine was 25% lower, and spermine remained practically unchanged. This result is consistent with the higher protein content in human milk from mothers of premature babies when we consider the role of polyamines in the stimulation of protein synthesis [123].…”

Section: Polyaminessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Human milk contains relatively high levels of polyamines, mainly spermine and spermidine, with a lower amount of putrescine; these are synthesized by lactating mammary epithelium [123][124][125], which is the first source of exogenous polyamines for a newborn [123]. The concentrations and profiles of these compounds depend on several factors, such as genetics, the stage of lactation in which the polyamines tend to decrease, the age of the mother, time of the day, the breast chose, the maternal polyamine dietary intake, and the mother's geographic location [122,126,127].…”

Section: Polyaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are no recommendations for daily polyamine, even for adults, it is known that in stages of rapid cell growth, such as those that occur in the neonatal period, polyamine requirements are high [123,124]. Thus, the ingestion of polyamines via human milk has an essential role in infant health.…”

Section: Polyaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyamines are involved in the maturation of associated organs, such as the liver and pancreas, in the differentiation and the immune system's development. They can stimulate the proliferation and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract epithelium in newborns [120,123,125,128]. In addition, polyamines can prevent food allergies in breastfed infants by decreasing mucosal permeability to antigenic proteins [129].…”

Section: Polyaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant increase in the polyamine concentration in human milk during the first week of lactation also raises the question of polyamines' physiological impact on the neonate. The early polyamine concentrations likely reflect the enhanced metabolic activity and protein synthesis rate of the mammary glands [123,127]. The use of infant formulas enriched with polyamines could have beneficial infant feeding applications during the first months of life, particularly in infant formulas for premature infants and infants who have early immune disorders [122].…”

Section: Polyaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review

Almeida

Pereira

Leandro

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Science

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Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of human milk’s bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of infant nutrition, as well as researchers of technology and food sciences that seek to improve the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate the optimization of infant formula composition. The bioactive compound inclusion has been used to upgrade the quality and nutrition of infant formulas. In this context, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the scientific evidence of bioactive compounds present in infant formulas (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, milk fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) and their effects on infant nutrition and health. Through previously determined criteria, studies published in the last fifteen years from five different databases were included to identify the advances in the optimization of infant formula composition. Over the last few years, there has been optimization of the infant formula composition, not only to increase the similarities in their content of macro and micronutrients but also to include novel bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although the infant food industry has advanced in the last years, there is no consensus on whether novel bioactive ingredients added to infant formulas have the same functional effects as the compounds found in human milk. Thus, further studies about the impact of bioactive compounds in infant nutrition are fundamental to infant health.

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Section: Polyaminessupporting

confidence: 89%