POLYAMINES IN THE ROOTS OF TURNIP INFECTED WITH <i>PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE</i> WOR.

Walters, Dale R.; Shuttleton, M. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02772.x

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…therein), further supporting the absence of an oxidative burst upon R. fascians infection. Putrescine and other polyamines have also been associated with young, metabolically active healthy and diseased tissues (Walters and Shuttleton, 1985;Galston and Sawhney, 1990). Moreover, polyamine biosynthesis is induced by cytokinins and other hormone treatments, and they are considered to be a separate class of plant hormones that control plant development (Kusano et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

et al. 2008

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Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive phytopathogen that induces shooty hyperplasia on its hosts through the secretion of cytokinins. Global transcriptomics using microarrays combined with profiling of primary metabolites on infected Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants revealed that this actinomycete modulated pathways to convert its host into a niche. The transcript data demonstrated that R. fascians leaves a very characteristic mark on Arabidopsis with a pronounced cytokinin response illustrated by the activation of cytokinin perception, signal transduction, and homeostasis. The microarray data further suggested active suppression of an oxidative burst during the R. fascians pathology, and comparison with publicly available transcript data sets implied a central role for auxin in the prevention of plant defense activation. Gene Ontology categorization of the differentially expressed genes hinted at a significant impact of infection on the primary metabolism of the host, which was confirmed by subsequent metabolite profiling. The much higher levels of sugars and amino acids in infected plants are presumably accessed by the bacteria as carbon and nitrogen sources to support epiphytic and endophytic colonization. Hexoses, accumulating from a significantly increased invertase activity, possibly inhibited the expression of photosynthesis genes and photosynthetic activity in infected leaves. Altogether, these changes are indicative of sink development in symptomatic tissues. The metabolomics data furthermore point to the possible occurrence of secondary signaling during the interaction, which might contribute to symptom development. These data are placed in the context of regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression, suppression of defense, infection phenotype, and niche establishment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

et al. 2008

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“…In maize (Zea mays) tumors caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis, Put levels, polyamine biosynthesis gene expression, and enzyme activity increase (Rodríguez-Kessler et al, 2008). Formation of clubroots on turnip (Brassica napus) by Plasmodiophora brassicae is associated with increased levels of Put, Spd, and Spm (Walters and Shuttleton, 1985) and on Arabidopsis with increased polyamine metabolism (Jubault et al, 2008). Moreover, high concentrations of polyamines are found in stem and root nodules of different leguminous plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reverse is also true: whereas abscisic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis are induced by polyamines (Cuevas et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Cui et al, 2010), ethylene and gibberellin production are down-regulated (Alcázar et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2006). Accordingly, the interaction between different hormones might be mediated in part by polyamines that would function as secondary messengers (Walters and Shuttleton, 1985;Hanzawa et al, 2002). Nevertheless, despite the wealth of circumstantial evidence and mainly correlative data, the molecular basis of polyamine action and their interplay with the other plant hormones remains unclear.…”

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confidence: 98%

Bacterial and Plant Signal Integration via D3-Type Cyclins Enhances Symptom Development in the Arabidopsis-Rhodococcus fasciansInteraction

et al. 2011

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The phytopathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus fascians drives its host to form a nutrient-rich niche by secreting a mixture of cytokinins that triggers plant cell division and shoot formation. The discrepancy between the relatively low amount of secreted cytokinins and the severe impact of R. fascians infection on plant development has puzzled researchers for a long time. Polyamine and transcript profiling of wild-type and cytokinin receptor mutant plants revealed that the bacterial cytokinins directly stimulated the biosynthesis of plant putrescine by activating arginine decarboxylase expression. Pharmacological experiments showed that the increased levels of putrescine contributed to the severity of the symptoms. Thus, putrescine functions as a secondary signal that impinges on the cytokinin-activated pathway, amplifying the hormone-induced changes that lead to the formation of a leafy gall. Exogenous putrescine and treatment with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors combined with transcript and polyamine analyses of wild-type and mutant plants indicated that the direct target of both the bacterial cytokinins and plant putrescine was the expression of D3-type cyclins. Hence, the activated D-type cyclin/ retinoblastoma/E2F transcription factor pathway integrates both external and internal hormonal signals, stimulating mitotic cell divisions and inducing pathological plant organogenesis.

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“…The putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels have been reported to be increased in turnip with clubroot (Walters and Shuttleton, 1985;Walters, 2003), but homospermidine and thermospermine levels have not been reported. In the present study, thermospermine constantly appeared at a similar level in the CB roots, normal roots and mature healthy roots in the three Brassica plants, indicating a difference in the defensive behavior of spermine and thermospermine against clubroot disease.…”

Section: Polyamine Profiles In Brassica Roots With and Without Clubrootmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a turnip, Brassica rapa ver. rapa, the levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine have been reported to be higher in the roots infected with clubroot than in the non-infected normal roots; however, the level of agmatine has not been reported (Walters and Shuttleton, 1985;Walters 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Polyamines in Different Organs of Brassica Crop Plants with or without Clubroot Disease

Hamana

Hayashi

Niitsu

2015

Plant Production Science

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POLYAMINES IN THE ROOTS OF TURNIP INFECTED WITH PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE WOR.

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

An Integrated Genomics Approach to Define Niche Establishment byRhodococcus fascians

Bacterial and Plant Signal Integration via D3-Type Cyclins Enhances Symptom Development in the Arabidopsis-Rhodococcus fasciansInteraction

Polyamines in Different Organs of Brassica Crop Plants with or without Clubroot Disease

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