Polyampholyte-doped aligned polymer hydrogels as anisotropic electrolytes for ultrahigh-capacity supercapacitors

Wei, Junjie; Yin, Chengyao; Wang, Huanlei; Wang, Qigang

doi:10.1039/c7ta09616j

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As expected, in the case of a larger proportion of polymer, more hopping occurred, which led to an increase in ionic conductivity. The above phenomenon further explained the negative correlation between the salt concentration and ionic conductivity that had also been reported in the work of Wei et al 46 . The high activity caused by the "jumping conduction" phenomenon and the presence of bound water in the PCCE system improved the low ionic conductivity of traditional solid polymer electrolytes, and the use of the hydrated crystalline salt provided similar strength to traditional inorganic electrolytes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Water-mediated crystallohydrate–polymer composite as a phase-change electrolyte

et al. 2020

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With the world's focus on wearable electronics, the scientific community has anticipated the plasticine-like processability of electrolytes and electrodes. A bioinspired composite of polymer and phase-changing salt with the similar bonding structure to that of natural bones is a suitable electrolyte candidate. Here, we report a water-mediated composite electrolyte by simple thermal mixing of crystallohydrate and polymer. The processable phase-change composites have significantly high mechanical strength and high ionic mobility. The wide operating voltage range and high faradic capacity of the composite both contribute to the maximum energy density. The convenient assembly and high thermal-shock resistance of our device are due to the mechanical interlocking and endothermic phase-change effect. As of now, no other non-liquid electrolytes, including those made from ceramics, polymers, or hydrogels, possess all of these features. Our work provides a universal strategy to fabricate various thermally manageable devices via phase-change electrolytes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Electrochemical measurements. The ionic conductivity of the composite materials was measured according to a previously described method 46 . The energy density, power density, and specific capacitance of supercapacitors are calculated as described in the supporting information 53 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-mediated crystallohydrate–polymer composite as a phase-change electrolyte

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, anisotropic hydrogels are mainly synthesized through directional stimuli, including mechanical forces, magnetic field, electric fields, directional freezing, and directional ion diffusion . Particularly, the directional‐freezing, or ice‐templating, is a promising and versatile approach to create well‐defined aligned porous channels along the freezing direction . In this process, the hydrogel precursor solution is frozen along a directional temperature gradient .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable fundamental studies have investigated anisotropic hydrogel structures serving for supercapacitor electrolytes. The Wang group fabricated aligned poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate ionogel, poly( N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) ionogel, and polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel as gel electrolytes through directional freezing. With the same electrodes covering both sides of the gel electrolyte, the device with anisotropic structure presented improved ionic conductivity and enhanced specific capacitance at high current in comparison to the isotropic, nonaligned gel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood‐Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Zhao

Alsaid

Yao

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Oriented microstructures are widely found in various biological systems for multiple functions. Such anisotropic structures provide low tortuosity and sufficient surface area, desirable for the design of high‐performance energy storage devices. Despite significant efforts to develop supercapacitors with aligned morphology, challenges remain due to the predefined pore sizes, limited mechanical flexibility, and low mass loading. Herein, a wood‐inspired flexible all‐solid‐state hydrogel supercapacitor is demonstrated by morphologically tuning the aligned hydrogel matrix toward high electrode‐materials loading and high areal capacitance. The highly aligned matrix exhibits broad morphological tunability (47–12 µm), mechanical flexibility (0°–180° bending), and uniform polypyrrole loading up to 7 mm thick matrix. After being assembled into a solid‐state supercapacitor, the areal capacitance reaches 831 mF cm−2 for the 12 µm matrix, which is 259% times of the 47 µm matrix and 403% times of nonaligned matrix. The supercapacitor also exhibits a high energy density of 73.8 µWh cm−2, power density of 4960 µW cm−2, capacitance retention of 86.5% after 1000 cycles, and bending stability of 95% after 5000 cycles. The principle to structurally design the oriented matrices for high electrode material loading opens up the possibility for advanced energy storage applications.

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“…With the development of tough hydrogels, ionic conductive hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and other healable functions were developed by doping salt (e.g., NaCl and LiCl) in the current tough hydrogels or the salt ions also participate in physical crosslinking . Another approach is using the polyelectrolyte which contain a lot of charge groups to facilitate the ion conduction . Suo and co‐workers developed highly stretchable, tough alginate/PAM hybrid DN hydrogels with alginate network ionically crosslinked by various multivalent cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Al 3+ ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough and recoverable triple‐network hydrogels based on multiple pairs of toughing mechanisms with excellent ionic conductivity as stable strain sensors

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The emerging applications of hydrogels in flexible devices require it possess multifunctional properties including stable mechanical and functions under various deformations or external environments. Herein, a multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol/M‐alginate/PAM hydrogel with very excellent mechanical properties and sensing functions was fabricated by introducing multiple pairs of toughing mechanisms into triple network (TN). The multiple supramolecular physical networks work as sacrificial networks to toughen the materials when hydrogel deforms. The broken bonds can reform upon unloading endowing the recovery of hydrogels' properties and functions with the assistance of the elastic covalent network. The optimal TN hydrogels are extremely tough (a fracture strength of 512 kPa, a fracture toughness of 3 MJ/m3) and recoverable from fatigue damage (~77% toughness recovery after 5 min resting at room temperature). The presence of abundant ionic species endows the tough and recoverable TN hydrogels high ionic conductivity and high sensitivity as strain sensors. Moreover, such TN hydrogels with multi‐bond crosslinking in three networks can potentially guarantee stable mechanical and sensor functions under various deformations or external environments compared to the DN candidates. This work provides a simple strategy for fabricating multifunctional hydrogels with high stability to fulfill its flexible devices applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1657–1666 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Polyampholyte-doped aligned polymer hydrogels as anisotropic electrolytes for ultrahigh-capacity supercapacitors

Abstract: We developed a simple and versatile way to prepare aligned hydrogel electrolytes for ultrahigh-capacity supercapacitors by building aligned pores via “hot ice” templates and copolymerizing with amphoteric monomers.

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Water-mediated crystallohydrate–polymer composite as a phase-change electrolyte

Water-mediated crystallohydrate–polymer composite as a phase-change electrolyte

Wood‐Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Tough and recoverable triple‐network hydrogels based on multiple pairs of toughing mechanisms with excellent ionic conductivity as stable strain sensors

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