“…The PAN-LS layer at the contact surface of the paint-substrate will convert from the LS to ES state. 47,49,50,67,68,70 So that, aer forming the surface passivation layer, electrons are continuously transferred to the external environment, thereby inhibiting the corrosion reaction occurring. 72 Moreover, HG and PAN-HG can control the corrosion reaction rate due to the ion-exchangeability of both PAN and HG.…”