Polyaniline: Doping, structure and derivatives

Ray, Anjan; Asturias, G.E.; Kershner, D.L.; Richter, A.F.; MacDiarmid, Alan G.; Epstein, Arthur J.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90289-0

Cited by 314 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this result, plots of the ion-exchange properties corresponding to Eqs. (1) to (3), that is, qx and (qxCNO 3 )/Cx, give straight lines, which are consistent with the equations for ion-exchange reaction. Therefore, the change in the anion concentration is attributable to an ion-exchange of the colloidal powder, confirming that PANI/PVA colloidal particles act as an anion exchanger in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Equilibriumsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Five cubic centimeters of PANI/PVA(Cl -) colloidal powder were introduced into a 300 cm 3 This reaction was approximately equilibrated after 30 min.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state of the polymer in terms of the ratio of units can be varied by the chemical and electrochemical reduction and oxidation between leucoemeradine (fully reduced) and pernigraniline (fully oxidized). [1][2][3] In an acidic solution, an anion can be incorporated as a dopant into PANI by protonation of nitrogen atoms. It has been reported that the dopant anions can be exchanged with other anions in an immersed solution at equilibrium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion-Exchange Properties of Colloidal Particle Consisting of Polyaniline and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fixed on Silica-gel Powder

et al. 2003

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A colloidal powder was prepared by fixing polyaniline (PANI, conducting polymer), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, surfactant stabilizer) and a suitable dopant anion to silica-gel powder. This hydrophilic composite colloidal particle incorporates anions with the protonation of PANI in an acidic solution. The anion can be exchanged with other anions when the colloid is immersed in an acidic solution. Thus, the PANI colloid works as an ion exchanger. The ion-exchange properties on the composite colloidal powder were investigated. Anions were successfully and easily exchanged in the order Br -< Cl -< NO3 -< ClO4 -< SCN -. This ion-exchange selectivity corresponds largely to the ion-exchange equilibrium constants, which are based on a hydrophobic interaction between the anion and colloid. However, this ionexchange selectivity does not agree simply with the lipophilic order, but is instead explainable by a gap in the effective ion-exchange capacity due to a size effect between the micropore on the colloidal particle formed by the dopant anion in polymerization and anion sizes in the hydrophobic environment.

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Section: Ion-exchange Equilibriumsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Five cubic centimeters of PANI/PVA(Cl -) colloidal powder were introduced into a 300 cm 3 This reaction was approximately equilibrated after 30 min.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion-Exchange Properties of Colloidal Particle Consisting of Polyaniline and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fixed on Silica-gel Powder

et al. 2003

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“…For example, the typically used p-type polyaniline (PAN) conductive polymer will not stay p-doped below potential 1V (Li/Li + ), therefore losing electronic conductivity when used in the Si anode, which is operated between the potential range of 0.01V-1V (Li/Li + ). [33] In order to solve the crucial problem on electric connectivity of the binder, we focus on developing polymer binders that could be cathodically (n-type) doped for high electronic conductivity under the reducing environment for anodes. [34] Our strategy for accomplishing the goal is to tailor the energy levels of the polymer conduction state, i.e., the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), so that the electrons could cathodically dope the polymer to achieve adequent electronic conductivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes

et al. 2011

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Lithium-ion batteries have gained widespread use in consumer electronics due to their high energy density and low weight. However, for electric vehicle applications, further improvements in capacity and safety are highly challenging but necessary for lowering the cost and extending the driving distance. Materials with high lithium storage capacity, such as silicon and tin based alloys, have recently been extensively studied for their potential applications as Lithium battery anodes. But the large-volume change associated with lithiation and delithiation severely hinders the practical employments. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Despite the intensive efforts, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] an effective low-cost solution to the volume-change problem remains elusive.Here, we developed a new conductive polymer through a combination of material synthesis,x-ray spectroscopy, density functional theory, and battery cell testing. Contrasting other polymer binders, the tailored electronic structure of the new polymer enables lithium doping under the battery environment. The polymer thus maintains both electric conductivity and

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“…For instance, PANI processability and thermal stability can be improved by redoping with functionalized organic acids. Although soluble PANI using bulky dopants such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and camphor sulfonic acid were developed, their commercialization was also considered to be inadequate due to toxicity of solvent used and difficulty in their preparation [7][8][9]. Besides, pure PANI has poor mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of conductive nanocomposites based on polyaniline/poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)/polystyrene

Moghadam

Zare‬

2010

E-Polymers

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Conducting polyaniline (PANI) nano particles doped with HCl was synthesized by a sonochemical method. Polyaniline/poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)/polystyrene composites with different polyaniline content were developed by solution-dispersion blending method. The influence of poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) concentration in composite structure was also investigated. The composite dispersed solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was cast to fabricate conductive films with evaporation of the solvent. With only a mixing procedure and without any dispersant added, the PANI nanoparticles were well dispersed in the matrix polymer as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The conductivity of obtained composites was measured with four probe technique. All of obtained composites have conductivity and between them, the maximum electrical conductivity was 2.4 S/cm. The obtained composites were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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Polyaniline: Doping, structure and derivatives

Cited by 314 publications

References 18 publications

Ion-Exchange Properties of Colloidal Particle Consisting of Polyaniline and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fixed on Silica-gel Powder

Ion-Exchange Properties of Colloidal Particle Consisting of Polyaniline and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fixed on Silica-gel Powder

Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes

Synthesis of conductive nanocomposites based on polyaniline/poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)/polystyrene

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