Polyanilines and substituted polyanilines: a comparative study of the Raman spectra of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline

Quillard, S.; Berrada, Khalid; Louam, G.; Lefrant, S.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(94)02416-v

Cited by 57 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…47,48 The decrease of the cell voltage (+0.4 to −1.2 V) results in the structure change of the PANI, resulting in changes in intensity of bands at 810, 1186, 1420, 1486, and 1590 cm −1 , originally from amine deformation (C−N−C bending), C−H bending, C−C stretching, CN stretching, and CC stretching, respectively. 49 The increase in the intensity of the band at 1186 cm −1 and decrease of the intensity of the band at 1160 cm −1 are due to the transition of quinoid to benzoid rings. All these changes reflect the transition of the PANI from the pernigraniline to emeraldine structure (partially oxidized state).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Flow through Polyaniline Supported by Lamellar-Structured Graphene for Mass-Transfer-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium

Zhang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

104

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Owing to its high efficiency and environmental compatibility, electroreduction holds great promise for the detoxification of aqueous Cr(VI). However, the typical electroreduction system often shows poor mass transfer, which results in slow reduction kinetics and hence higher energy consumption. Here, we demonstrate a flow-through electrode of polyaniline supported on lamellar-structured graphene (LGS−PANI) for electrocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The reaction kinetics of the LGS− PANI flow-through electrodes are 6.4 times (at acidic condition) and 17.3 times (at neutral condition) faster than traditional immersed parallel-plate electrodes. Computational fluid dynamics simulation suggests that the flowthrough mode greatly enhances the mass transfer and that the nanoscale convection induced by the PANI nanodots increases the nanoscale mass transport in the interfacial region of the electrode/ solution. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that the PANI−Cr(VI) redox reactions are dominated by the leucoemeraldine/ emeraldine transition at 1.5 V cell voltage, which also remarkably contributes to the fast reaction kinetics. Using single-pass flowthrough mode, the LGS−PANI electrode reaches an average reduction efficiency of 99.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Flow through Polyaniline Supported by Lamellar-Structured Graphene for Mass-Transfer-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium

Zhang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

104

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“…15 ions/ cm 2 ͒ is ϳ0, which implies that the systems are in the critical regime. 32 For the high energy ion-irradiated samples, the characteristic peaks of the pristine PAN-EB samples decreased, while the D peak (disordered peak) at 1375-1381 cm −1 and the G peak (graphitic peak) at 1575-1583 cm −1 became dominant. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

High energy (MeV) ion-irradiated π-conjugated polyaniline: Transition from insulating state to carbonized conducting state

Park

Lee

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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Effect of 100 MeV swift heavy ions [silver ( Ag 8 + ) ] on morphological and electrical properties of polypyrroleHigh energy ͑MeV͒ C 2+ , F 2+ , and Cl 2+ ions were irradiated onto -conjugated polyaniline emeraldine base (PAN-EB) samples. The energy of an ion beam was controlled to a range of 3 -4.5 MeV, with the ion dosage varying from 1 ϫ 10 12 to 1 ϫ 10 16 ions/ cm 2 . The highest dc conductivity ͑ dc ͒ at room temperature was measured to be ϳ60 S / cm for 4.5 MeV Cl 2+ ion-irradiated PAN-EB samples with a dose of 1 ϫ 10 16 ions/ cm 2 . We observed the transition of high energy ion-irradiated PAN-EB samples from insulating state to conducting state as a function of ion dosage based on dc and its temperature dependence. The characteristic peaks of the Raman spectrum of the PAN-EB samples were reduced, while the D-peak (disordered peak) and the G peak (graphitic peak) appeared as the ion dose increased. From the analysis of the D and G peaks of the Raman spectra of the systems compared to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, ion-irradiated graphites, and annealed carbon films, the number of the clusters of hexagon rings with conducting sp 2 -bonded carbons increased with ion dosage. We also observed the increase in the size of the nanocrystalline graphitic domain of the systems with increasing ion dosage. The intensity of normalized electron paramagnelic resonance signal also increased in correlation with ion dose. The results of this study demonstrate that -conjugated pristine PAN-EB systems changed from insulating state to carbonized conducting state through high energy ion irradiation with high ion dosage.

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“…PANI shows a characteristic Raman bands for each oxidized or protonated form [36][37][38][39][40]. The presence of a free carrier tail absorption in the UV-VIS-NIR spectra for both PANI nanofibers/nanotubes prepared with NSA (β-naphthalenesulfonic acid) or with DBSA (dodecybenzenesulfonic acid) confirmed that polymeric chains have an extended conformation.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Of Polyaniline Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 79%

Prologue: Nanofibers

Nascimento¹

2020

Nanomaterials - Toxicity, Human Health and Environment

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Polyanilines and substituted polyanilines: a comparative study of the Raman spectra of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Microfluidic Flow through Polyaniline Supported by Lamellar-Structured Graphene for Mass-Transfer-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium

Microfluidic Flow through Polyaniline Supported by Lamellar-Structured Graphene for Mass-Transfer-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium

High energy (MeV) ion-irradiated π-conjugated polyaniline: Transition from insulating state to carbonized conducting state

Prologue: Nanofibers

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