Polybenzimidazole-crosslinked-poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) as anion exchange membrane for alkaline electrolyzers

Coppola, R.E.; Herranz, D.; Cid, Ricardo Escudero; Ming, Ng Hon; D’Accorso, Norma B.; Ocón, P.; Abuin, Graciela C.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.140

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, the membranes show a very good stability in oxidative media, keeping similar or even better oxidative resistance than the pure PBI polymer. The results of PBI-c-PVBC/Cl membranes are consistent with the degree of crosslinking observed in gel fraction measurements [ 23 ], with gel fractions of 72.5% and 64.0% for 1:2 and 1:3 membranes, respectively. So, as the PBI-c-PVBC/Cl 1:3 membranes are less crosslinked, their skeletal structure chains are more accessible to chemical attack and therefore they suffer higher degradation compared to PBI-c-PVBC/Cl 1:2 ones.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The chloride mapping showed in Figure 5 c,f presents the element distribution in the cross-section of both membranes that remains very homogeneous, as previously observed for former membranes. Additionally, the content of Cl in PBI-c-PVBC/OH membranes is very low, due to the OH − exchange prior to their use as MEAs for fuel cell test, as showed in [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBI-c-PVBC/OH 1:2 and 1:3 have conductivity values at 90 °C of 30 and 45 mS cm −1 and ion exchange capacity (IEC) values of 1.74 and 1.97 mmol g −1 , respectively ( Table 1 ) [ 23 ]. The higher conductivity of the PBI-c-PVBC/OH 1:3 membrane is related with the higher density of quaternary ammonium groups, but it was not enough to compensate the cross-over through the membrane under fuel cell measurement conditions and thus the OCP and performance are lower than for PBI-c-PVBC/OH 1:2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the used reagents and the synthesis procedure are similar to our previous work [ 23 ]. Commercial PBI powder (BETWEEN, Lizenz GMBH Mw = 25,000–40,000 g mol –1 ), poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) (PVBC, 60/40 mixture of 3- and 4-isomers with average molecular weight Mw ~55.000 and Mw ~100.000, respectively, Sigma Aldrich, Merck Life Science S.L.U., Madrid, Spain), N , N -dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 99.5 wt.%, Sigma Aldrich), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85 wt.%, Sigma Aldrich), ethanol (absolute, Sigma Aldrich), isopropanol (99.8 wt.%, Labbox Labware, Labbox Labware, S.L., Barcelona, Spain) and DABCO (99 wt.%, Sigma Aldrich), were purchased and used as received.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we synthesized membranes of crosslinked polybenzimidazole-c- poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (polybenzimidazole-c-PVBC) quaternized with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), using PBI and poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), and tested them in a zero gap liquid alkaline water electrolyzer (LAWE) [ 23 ]. These membranes exhibit good stability in alkaline media, with ionic conductivity and current density values as high as 39 mS cm −1 at 25 °C and 380 mA cm −2 at a 1.98 V working at 50 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Poly(Vinyl Benzyl Chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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Crosslinked membranes have been synthesized by a casting process using polybenzimidazole (PBI) and poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) (PVBC). The membranes were quaternized with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to obtain fixed positive quaternary ammonium groups. XPS analysis has showed insights into the changes from crosslinked to quaternized membranes, demonstrating that the crosslinking reaction and the incorporation of DABCO have occurred, while the 13C-NMR corroborates the reaction of DABCO with PVBC only by one nitrogen atom. Mechanical properties were evaluated, obtaining maximum stress values around 72 MPa and 40 MPa for crosslinked and quaternized membranes, respectively. Resistance to oxidative media was also satisfactory and the membranes were evaluated in single direct ethanol fuel cell. PBI-c-PVBC/OH 1:2 membrane obtained 66 mW cm−2 peak power density, 25% higher than commercial PBI membranes, using 0.5 bar backpressure of pure O2 in the cathode and 1 mL min−1 KOH 2M EtOH 2 M aqueous solution in the anode. When the pressure was increased, the best performance was obtained by the same membrane, reaching 70 mW cm−2 peak power density at 2 bar O2 backpressure. Based on the characterization and single cell performance, PBI-c-PVBC/OH membranes are considered promising candidates as anion exchange electrolytes for direct ethanol fuel cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Poly(Vinyl Benzyl Chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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Fabrication Processes and Characterization Proceduresof Anion Exchange Membranes

Abuin,

Coppola

2024

Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

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Tuning Polybenzimidazole‐Derived Crosslinked Interpenetrating Network Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Pasadakis‐Kavounis,

Arslan,

Radmer Almind

et al. 2023

Batteries & Supercaps

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Non‐fluorinated ion exchange membranes with high proton selectivity and conductivity are sought as separators for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) to substitute the typically used perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes. Polybenzimidazole based membranes offer a promising non‐fluorinated alternative due to their excellent thermomechanical properties, low vanadium crossover, and ionic conductivity in acidic media. In this work, a series of polybenzimidazole‐polyvinylchloride polymer blends were cast and decorated with different quaternary ammonium functionalities. The polymer blends were systematically studied with respect to the blend composition and chemical structure of the quaternary ammonium groups. Assessment of relevant membrane properties for use in an aqueous acidic flow battery was conducted through a combination of VRFB single cell testing, permeability measurements, water/electrolyte uptake, and infrared spectroscopy. The blend with a polybenzimidazole content of 90 % decorated with DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was found to combine low polarization resistance with low swelling and high stability. The performance was found to be similar to that of a benchmark polybenzimidazole membrane despite being three times thicker. This led to the conclusion that quaternary ammonium functionalized polybenzimidazole‐polyvinylbenzylchloride systems is an excellent candidate for further modification or fabrication of thinner membranes to further reduce the membrane resistance without compromising on vanadium blocking properties.

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Polybenzimidazole-crosslinked-poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) as anion exchange membrane for alkaline electrolyzers

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Application of Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Poly(Vinyl Benzyl Chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Application of Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Poly(Vinyl Benzyl Chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Fabrication Processes and Characterization Proceduresof Anion Exchange Membranes

Tuning Polybenzimidazole‐Derived Crosslinked Interpenetrating Network Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

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