Polybenzoxazine Resins with Cellulose Phosphide: Preparation, Flame Retardancy and Mechanisms

Abstract

Phosphated cellulose (PCF) was synthesized based on urea, phosphated acid and cellulose. The structure of the PCF was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). Benzoxazine (Ba)/PCF hybrid materials were fabricated and thermally cured to prepare polybenzoxazine composites (PBa/PCF). The effects of PCF on the curing temperature of Ba were analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermogravimetric (TGA) results demonstrated an increased char residue of 50% for the PBa composites incorporating PCF-5% compared with the pure PBa. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of the PBa/PCF-5% composites clearly decreased by 58.1% and 16.5% compared to those of the pristine PBa. The smoke released from the PBa/PCF system significantly reduced with the loading of PCF. Moreover, the limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test level (UL-94) of PBa/PCF-5% reached up to 31 and V0. The flame retardant mechanism of the PCF in the PBa matrix was investigated TG-FTIR and char residues analysis. Finally, the dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) results demonstrated that the Tg of the PBa/PCF composites was approximately 230 °C, which does not affect further applications of PBa composites.

Thermally Insulating Polybenzoxazine/Nanosilica Aerogel Ablation Resistant to 1100 °C for Re-Entry Capsules

“…Benzoxazine possesses the advantages of strong molecular structure, low-shrinkage curing, the nonrelease of small molecules during curing, and high-residual carbon. 10 Specifically, the benzoxazine resin exhibits a denser carbon layer structure after carbonization. Thus, it has a wide application prospect in the ablation field.…”

“…As a thermosetting resin, benzoxazine resin is synthesized via the condensation of phenol, amine, and aldehydes. Benzoxazine possesses the advantages of strong molecular structure, low-shrinkage curing, the nonrelease of small molecules during curing, and high-residual carbon . Specifically, the benzoxazine resin exhibits a denser carbon layer structure after carbonization.…”