Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Foodstuffs from Taiwan: Level and Human Dietary Exposure Assessment

Chen, Mei-Lien; Wang, Lee; Yang, Kai; Mao, Chin-Chi; Lung, Shih-Chun Candice; Mao, I‐Fang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.046

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Lim et al (2014) indicated that the home among indoor environments was recognized as the largest contributor to daily exposure and health risk among Korean school children (daily dose: 80%, 16%, 3%, and 1% for home, elementary school, private academy, and public facility, respectively). In addition to dietary PBDE daily intake (67.95 ng/day for Taiwanese adults) (Chen et al, 2012), non-dietary PBDE daily intake (adult males: 39.2 ng/day, adult females: 41.2 ng/day) estimated in the present study is also an important source of PBDEs exposure in Taiwan.…”

Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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It has been demonstrated that human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) might be associated with several adverse health effects. Dietary and microenvironmental sources are considered to be the main routes of PBDEs exposure. The study aimed to investigate PBDEs in residential indoor and outdoor air and further to assess the health risks in family members of different ages. Indoor and outdoor air samples from houses in residential areas were simultaneously collected for analysis of 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. PBDE concentrations were non-significantly higher indoors (81.1 pg/m 3 ) than outdoors (42.7 pg/m 3 ) (p = 0.513). For the outdoor air, the mean PBDE level was lower in air outside houses than in air from industrial and urban areas. Levels of Σ 14 PBDEs and BDE-209 in house indoor air were no higher in Taiwan than other countries. The daily intake of non-dietary PBDEs from house air and dust in Taiwan was highest in the toddlers (1-2 years old; 8.22 ng/kg b.w./day) and lowest in the male adults (≥ 20 years old; 0.562 ng/kg b.w./day) among family members. For Taiwanese, the risks of non-cancer (hazard quotient: HQ) and cancer (cancer risk: R) with neurobehavioral effects of exposure to non-dietary PBDEs in the home environment were assessed to be lower than the critical values of 1.00 and 1.00 × 10 -6 for HQs and Rs, respectively. In conclusion, levels of indoor PBDEs and non-dietary daily intake were found to be low in home environments in Taiwan. This result suggests that PBDEs in the home environment are not harmful to family members from the newborn to the elderly if we only consider the neurobehavioral effects.

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Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Compared with similar studies conducted in China, the levels of ∑PBDEs in fish from Hubei (medium of 0.047 ng ΣPBDE/g ww, 0.002-0.753 ng ΣPBDE/g ww) was lower than that of Nanjing (0.180 ng ΣBPDE/g ww, P = 0.002) and Guangdong (0.231 ng ΣPBDE/g ww, P=0.001) (Meng et al 2007) and notably lower than that in freshwater fishes from the lower reach of the Yangtze River (18 to 1100 ng/g lipid weight) (Xian et al 2008), Hong Kong (13.2 ng/g ww) (Cheung et al 2008), and the marine fish (91 ng/g ww) reported from four sea areas of China (Liu et al 2011). The concentrations of ∑PBDEs in pork of Hubei (0.003-4.830 ng ΣPBDE/g ww) was comparable to meat of Nanjing (0.015-0.950 ng/g ww, P>0.05) (Su et al 2012), Hong Kong (0.023-3.500 ng/g ww, P>0.05) (Chen et al 2010), and Taiwan (mean±standard deviation 0.545 ±0.181 ng/g ww, P >0.05) (Chen et al 2012). The main reason for this observation could be that carps had relatively low lipid content (2.1 %), and pork had great lipid content (41.3 %).…”

Section: Residue Levels Of Pbdesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Potential risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by consuming animal-derived foods collected from interior areas of China

Gong

Wen

Zheng

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Although studies have reported the occurrence of PBDEs in freshwater fish species from several locations, to our best knowledge, there was no comprehensive data on PBDEs in foods of animal origin, such as pork, egg, and milk samples from interior areas of China, where pork and eggs are the major constituents of diet. The levels of PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were determined in samples of animal-derived foods widely consumed by the population of Hubei in east-central China and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Two hundred six samples of animal-derived foods were randomly acquired in 17 sites of Hubei in 2010. The highest medium concentration of ∑7PBDEs was found in chicken eggs (0.191 ng/g wet weight (ww)), followed by duck eggs (0.176 ng/g ww), pork (0.050 ng/g ww), carps (0.047 ng/g ww), and cow milk (0.013 ng/g ww). The estimated dietary intake of Σ7PBDEs for a standard adult of 60 kg body weight based on medium and 95th percentile concentrations with consumption of animal-derived foods in Hubei province were 157.5 and 1960.3 pg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Chicken eggs (65.9 %) and pork (23.4 %) were the largest contributors to dietary intake of ∑7PBDEs through animal-derived foods. The same PBDE sources were exposed in Hubei province via principal component analysis (PCA), and the particular congener profile in samples of animal-derived foods revealed the possible exposure history of octa-BDEs and penta-BDEs in the local region. The large margins of exposure (MOE) calculated following the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach for three important congeners, BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-153, indicated that the estimated dietary exposures were unlikely to be a significant health concern to in Hubei.

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“…The highest PBDE daily intake was estimated in the V1 vehicle dismantler factory, which was approximately 4 times higher than those estimated in Taiwanese residential houses (Shy et al, 2015). Although workplaces with heavy PBDE contamination is an important source of occupational exposure to PBDEs via inhalation, according to Chen's study (Chen et al, 2012), the daily PBDE intake from foodstuff was estimated as 68.0 ng day -1 in Taiwanese adults, so the median inhaled PBDEs intakes in this study (1.56 and 1.00 ng day -1 for male and female adults, respectively) were still minor compared with the dietary PBDE intake in Taiwan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

Gou

Hsu

Chao

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of the emerging persistent organic pollutants that have shown potential harmful effects in in-vivo and human studies. Our goal was to investigate 30 airborne PBDEs in day-to-night or indoor-to-outdoor in three vehicle dismantling factories located in southern Taiwan to assess worker risks. Thirty PBDEs including 15, 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 139, 140, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 191, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 were analyzed using high-resolution-gas chromatography/high-resolution-mass-spectrometer. Levels of airborne Σ 30 PBDEs were 275, 336, 200 and 494 p gm -3 in indoor daytime, indoor nighttime, outdoor daytime, and outdoor nighttime, respectively, and their differences were not significant. BDE-209 was the predominant congener among the 30 PBDEs consisting of 82.5-97.9% of Σ 30 PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air. Pollution characterizations of the PBDE patterns were similar in air samples except for the outdoor air in the nighttime. Diurnal variations in PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air were not observed. A principal component analysis was used to test for possible sources of PBDE contamination. BDE-209 in outdoor air was possibly contributed from PBDEs in indoor air, particularly from BDE-209. Characteristics of diurnal PBDE contamination in indoor and outdoor air in vehicle dismantling factories were linked to commercial technical OctaBDE (Bromkal 79-8DE) and DecaBDEs (Bromkal 82-0D and Saytex 102E) mixtures. The highest PBDE intakes of workers via inhalation were assessed as 41.8 and 32.7 pg kg -1 bw day -1 for male and female adults, respectively. It was hypothesized that airborne PBDEs in indoor factories are released from the surface of DecaBDE or OctaBDE technical formulations and influence outdoor air through ventilation or natural dispersion. However, occupational exposure through inhalation might be an important PBDE contamination pathway, but it is minor compared to PBDE dietary intake.

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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Foodstuffs from Taiwan: Level and Human Dietary Exposure Assessment

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Potential risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by consuming animal-derived foods collected from interior areas of China

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

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