Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma and associations with house dust in a Danish cohort

Frederiksen, Marie; Thomsen, Cathrine; Frøshaug, May; Vorkamp, Katrin; Thomsen, Marianne; Becher, Georg; Knudsen, Lisbeth E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.04.008

Cited by 154 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…We expected to find correlations between the inner DP exposure among the maternal serum, cord serum, and placenta because the placenta is embedded in the uterus and the maternal blood exchanges nutrients with the cord blood within the placenta. 25 Through Pearson correlation analysis of the data set, we found significant correlations between the log-transformed DP concentrations in the maternal sera and cord sera, the maternal sera and placentas, and the placentas and cord sera (r > 0.7, p < 0.001 for each). Because there were significant associations based on lipid-adjusted DP concentrations, we linearly fitted (using the least-squares) the relative DP distributions in the maternal sera, cord sera, and placentas.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Placental Transfer of Dechlorane Plus in Mother–Infant Pairs in an E-Waste Recycling Area (Wenling, China)

Ben

Yang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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It has been reported that breastfeeding can expose newborns to dechlorane plus (DP), but transplacental transfer of DP has not been documented. We measured DP and its dechlorinated analogs in matched maternal blood− placenta−cord blood samples from 72 residents of the e-waste recycling area of Wenling, China. DP was detected in cord sera, indicating the occurrence of prenatal DP exposure and the transfer of DP across the placenta. The concentration ratio in the cord serum and maternal serum was estimated to be 0.45 for syn-DP and 0.35 for anti-DP, indicating the placenta partially limited DP transfer with a greater extent for anti-DP. The DP concentrations in the maternal serum, placenta, and cord serum strongly correlated, indicating that DP could transfer between the tissues. The DP concentrations in the matched samples could be predicted from each other. The anti-DP/ total DP concentration ratios in the placentas and cord sera were significantly different from those in the maternal sera, suggesting that DP stereoselectively bioaccumulates in human tissues. When the congener concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were used as control variables, DP and total triiodothyronine concentrations were associated in the sera from mothers who had lived in Wenling for over 20 years.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Placental Transfer of Dechlorane Plus in Mother–Infant Pairs in an E-Waste Recycling Area (Wenling, China)

Ben

Yang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Therefore, exposure and associated risk levels may be higher in those cases. Furthermore, POPs are ubiquitously found in house dust (Frederiksen et al 2010). Children young enough to have hand-to-mouth behavior are additionally exposed compared to the rest of the population excluding people with high occupational exposures.…”

Section: Exposure and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks

Ugranli

Güngörmüş

Kavcar

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Semi-volatile organic compounds were monitored over a whole year, by collection of gas and particle phases every sixth day at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Annual mean concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (∑ 32 PCBs) and 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑ 14 PAHs) were 348 pg/m 3 and 36 ng/m 3 , respectively, while it was 273 pg/m 3 for endosulfan, the dominant compound among 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the USEPA exposure-risk models for the estimation of the population exposure and carcinogenic risk probability distributions for heating and non-heating periods. The estimated population risks associated with dermal contact and inhalation routes to ∑ 32 PCBs, ∑ 14 PAHs, and some of the targeted OCPs (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-chlordane (α-CHL), γ-chlordane (γ-CHL), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT)) were in the ranges of 1.86 × 10 −16 -7.29 × 10 −9 and 1.38 × 10 −10 -4.07 × 10 −6 , respectively. The inhalation 95th percentile risks for ∑ 32 PCBs, ∑ 14 PAHs, and OCPs were about 6, 3, and 4-7 orders of magnitude higher than those of dermal route, respectively. The 95th percentile inhalation risk for ∑ 32 PCBs and OCPs in the non-heating period were 1.8-and 1.2-4.6 folds higher than in the heating period, respectively. In contrast, the 95th percentile risk levels for ∑ 14 PAHs in the heating period were 4.3 times greater than that of non-heating period for inhalation, respectively. While risk levels associated with exposure to PCBs and OCPs did not exceed the acceptable level of 1 × 10 −6 , it was exceeded for 47 % of the population associated with inhalation of PAHs with a maximum value of about 4 × 10 −6 .

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“…When considering BDE-209, it was the most predominant congener in both in maternal and umbilical cord serum, with mean concentrations of 5.783 and 27.110 ng/g fat, respectively. Frederiksen et al (2010) determined a number of PBDE congeners, including the eight PBDEs considered, in pairs of maternal and umbilical cord blood. When considering seven selected PBDEs (without BDE-209), sum concentrations (median (range)) were 1.765 (0.640-51.946) and 0.958 (0.213-54.346) ng/g fat for maternal and umbilical cord plasma, respectively.…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Food

2011

EFS2

197

147

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. PBDEs are additive flame retardants which are applied in plastics, textiles, electronic castings and circuitry. PBDEs are ubiquitously present in the environment and likewise in biota and in food and feed. Data from the analysis of 19 PBDE congeners in 3,971 food samples were provided to EFSA by 11 European countries. Eight congeners were considered by the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) to be of primary interest: . The highest dietary exposure is to . Toxicity studies were carried out with technical PBDE mixtures or individual congeners. Main targets were the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and nervous system. PBDEs cause DNA damage through the induction of reactive oxygen species. The Panel identified effects on neurodevelopment as the critical endpoint, and derived benchmark doses (BMDs) and their corresponding lower 95 % confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10 %, BMDL 10 s, for a number of PBDE congeners: BDE-47, 309 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-99, 12 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-153, 83 μg/kg b.w.; BDE-209, 1,700 μg/kg b.w. Due to the limitations and uncertainties in the current database, the Panel concluded that it was inappropriate to use these BMDLs to establish health based guidance values, and instead used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the health risk assessment. Since elimination characteristics of PBDE congeners in animals and humans differ considerably, the Panel used the body burden as starting point for the MOE approach. The CONTAM Panel concluded that for BDE-47, -153 and -209 current dietary exposure in the EU does not raise a health concern. For BDE-99 there is a potential health concern with respect to current dietary exposure. 4 The term "intra-species" has been replaced by "inter-species" in the Summary and in Chapter 9.1. The chemical stability of the PBDE congeners varies with the individual structure. In general PBDE congeners with up to three bromine substituents and those with nine or ten bromine substituents are more sensitive to abiotic transformations. PBDE congeners with four to eight bromine substituents show the highest stability. PBDE congeners are particularly susceptible to photolysis, reductive debromination and radical reactions whereas they are less susceptible to oxidation and hydrolysis. In general, PBDE congeners are persistent and bioaccumulative with the exception of BDE-209 bioaccumulative properties of which seem to be species dependent. BDE-209 undergoes debromination reactions both in the abiotic environment and in biota, leading to formation of PBDE congeners containing seven to nine bromine atoms. © European Food SafetyBased on the composition of the technical PBDE mixtures, occurrence in the environment and in food, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) considered the following eight PBDE congeners to be of primary interest: which are relevant for dietary PBDE exposur...

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma and associations with house dust in a Danish cohort

Cited by 154 publications

References 50 publications

Placental Transfer of Dechlorane Plus in Mother–Infant Pairs in an E-Waste Recycling Area (Wenling, China)

Placental Transfer of Dechlorane Plus in Mother–Infant Pairs in an E-Waste Recycling Area (Wenling, China)

POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Food

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