Polycaprolactone/gelatin electrospun nanofibres containing biologically produced tellurium nanoparticles as a potential wound dressing scaffold: Physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characterisation

Abstract

The biologically synthesised tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) were applied in the fabrication of Te NP-embedded polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GEL) electrospun nanofibres and their antioxidant and in vivo wound healing properties were determined. The as-synthesised nanofibres were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity of scaffolds were investigated using tensile analysis and contact angle tests, respectively. The biocompatibility of the produced scaffolds on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (3T3) was evaluated using MTT assay. The highest wound healing activity (score 15/19) was achieved for scaffolds containing Te NPs. The wounds treated with PCL/GEL/Te NPs had inflammation state equal to the positive control. Also, the mentioned scaffold represented positive effects on collagen formation and collagen fibre's horizontalisation in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidative potency of Te NPcontaining scaffolds was demonstrated with lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (∼3 times) and a higher level of glutathione (GSH) (∼2 times) in PCL/ GEL/Te NP-treated samples than the negative control. The obtained results strongly demonstrated the healing activity of the produced nanofibres, and it can be inferred that scaffolds containing Te NPs are suitable for wound dressing. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Evolving Trends in Nanofibers for Topical Delivery of Therapeutics in Skin Disorders

“…In addition, the stated scaffold had dose-dependent beneficial effects on collagen production and collagen horizontalization and decreased the edema and inflammation at the injury site. The results obtained strongly confirmed their healing activity, which can be useful for wound dressing …”

“…Electrospun polymeric nanofibers have been viewed as promising materials for enhancing skin regeneration because of their structural resemblance to the extracellular matrix of healthy skin, ability to stimulate cell growth and proliferation, bacteriostatic activity, and suitability to deliver bioactive molecules to the wound site as shown in Figure . In a study conducted by Doostmohammadi et al, in vivo wound healing capabilities of tellurium nanoparticles embedded in polycaprolactone and gelatin nanofibers (electrospun) were investigated on wounds of Wistar rats using histopathology examination . Scaffolds containing nanoparticles showed the maximum healing with a score of 15 out of 19.…”

PCL/Gelatin/Graphene Oxide Electrospun Nanofibers: Effect of Surface Functionalization on In Vitro and Antibacterial Response

“…The attachment of S. aureus and E. coli was decreased in the PGO-M2 nanofibers compared to the PGO nanofibers, which may be due to the negatively charged acrylic acid under a neutral pH, which repelled the negatively charged bacteria cells [ 73 ]. The dead bacteria cells were attached to the PGO-M2 surface due to the acidic property of M2, which triggered the bacteria attachment.…”

“…Briefly, 10% w/v PCL was dissolved in chloroform: methanol (3:1 v/v ) solution and stirred for 24 h at room temperature [ 73 , 74 ]. Meanwhile, 10% w/w gelatin was dissolved in HFIP and stirred for 24 h. The PCL/gelatin (PG) solution was mixed at a 1:1 ( v/v ) solvent ratio and stirred for 24 h. Next, 1.0% ( w/v ) of GO, was added to the solution and stirred for another 24 h before electrospinning.…”

State-of-the-Art Review of Electrospun Gelatin-Based Nanofiber Dressings for Wound Healing Applications

“…Moreover, the antibacterial performance was also notably enhanced due to the encapsulation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The existing studies also reported the design and development of electrospun ternary nanofiber mats with different multifunctional performances for wound dressing applications, such as ferric oxide/gelatin/glycerol nanofiber mats [ 116 ], copper oxide nanoparticle/gelatin/PCL nanofiber mats [ 117 ], cerium oxide nanoparticle/gelatin/PCL nanofiber mats [ 118 ], sliver nanoparticle/gelatin/PVA nanofiber mats [ 119 ], tellurium nanoparticle/gelatin/PCL nanofiber mats [ 120 ], and halloysite nanotube/gelatin/PCL nanofiber mats [ 121 ].…”