Polycardanol or Sulfonated Polystyrene as Flocculants for Asphaltene Dispersions

Lima, Aline Margarete Furuyama; Mansur, Cláudia R. E.; Lucas, Elizabete F.; González, Gaspar

doi:10.1021/ef901031h

Cited by 47 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It was suggested that the most suitable polymers for asphaltene flocculation contain polar groups that can associate with asphaltenes. It was reported that polystyrene without polar groups did not modify asphaltene behavior in dilute solutions [17]. This result appears to be different from the anticipated behavior for the impact of a non-adsorbing polymer (polystyrene) in a good solvent (toluene) [18,19] on concentrated sterically stabilized colloidal particles (asphaltenes) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For a tie line passing through point P with slope n and length l, the colloid volume fraction in the coexisting phases can be estimated using Eqs. (7), (16) and (17). Three values can be obtained for the colloid volume fraction at the binodal points Á I(x=p,q,r) , Á II(x=p,q,r) .…”

Section: Experimental Estimation Of Phase Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase separation in colloidal mixtures could also be achieved by adding a polymer [16]. Lima et al [17] studied the flocculation of asphaltenes in organic solvents induced by polymeric compounds. It was suggested that the most suitable polymers for asphaltene flocculation contain polar groups that can associate with asphaltenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estimation of phase composition and size of asphaltene colloidal particles in mixtures of asphaltene + polystyrene + toluene at 293 K and atmospheric pressure

Khammar

Shaw

2012

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Experimental Estimation Of Phase Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of phase composition and size of asphaltene colloidal particles in mixtures of asphaltene + polystyrene + toluene at 293 K and atmospheric pressure

Khammar

Shaw

2012

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Non-adsorbing polymer addition to colloidal solutions can cause phase separation by depletion flocculation [1][2][3] . This mechanism leads to the formation of a polymer-rich and colloid-depleted phase (colloid gas) and a colloid-rich and polymer-depleted phase (colloid liquid) because in the absence of adsorption, a polymer free volume, known as an excluded volume, develops in the fluid adjacent to particle surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Independent Colloidal Phase Behavior of Maya Asphaltene + Toluene + Polystyrene Mixtures

Pouralhosseini

Shaw

2015

Energy Fuels

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Polystyrene, a non-adsorbing polymer, has been shown to cause Maya and Athabasca asphaltene + toluene mixtures to split into two stable liquid phases at room temperature. One phase is enriched in polystyrene and toluene. The other phase is enriched in asphaltene and toluene. The phase boundaries, tie lines and critical points for Maya asphaltene + toluene + polystyrene (M w = 393,000 and 700,000 g/mol) and Athabasca asphaltene + toluene + polystyrene (M w = 393,000 g/mol) have also been simulated at room temperature using a modified Fleer-Tuinier colloid phase behavior model. In this work, the temperature dependence of the depletion flocculation driven phase behavior is investigated for Maya asphaltene + toluene + polystyrene (M w = 393,000 g/mol) mixtures both experimentally and theoretically. The coincidence of experimental two-phase to one-phase boundaries, including liquid-liquid critical points and tie lines at 248 K and 298 K illustrates the temperature independent nature of this phase behavior. This outcome is interpreted and predicted in terms of the known temperature dependence of the radius of gyration of polymer molecules, possible impacts of temperature variation on mean asphaltene aggregate size, and the relative importance of steric repulsion and depletion attraction effects in determining the phase behavior of asphaltene + toluene + polystyrene mixtures. Experimental and modeling outcomes are discussed.

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“…3,4 Due to its chemical similarity with nonylphenol (a synthetic chemical additive with proven action as an asphaltene stabilizer), 5 cardanol has been tested for its ability to stabilize asphaltenes in crude oil, both in its original form and after undergoing step-growth or chain-growth polymerization, demonstrating good performance compared to nonylphenol. 4,[6][7][8] Therefore, the substitution of nonylphenol by cardanol can have both environmental and economic advantages because cardanol is obtained from a renewable source and is cheaper to produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cardanol Encapsulated on the Properties of Poly(lactic Acid) Microparticles

Cardoso¹,

Ricci-Júnior²,

Gentili³

et al. 2017

Quim. Nova

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In this study, microparticles of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were produced to encapsulate cardanol, varying molar mass of the polymer matrix, concentration of the emulsifier (PVA) and concentration of the chemical additive (cardanol). The droplet size distribution, polydispersity index, morphology, the interaction between cardanol and PLA, cardanol encapsulation efficiency and release profile of this chemical additive were assessed. The morphological characterization showed that the microparticles containing cardanol were presented as microcapsules up to a maximum cardanol concentration limit that could be incorporated. The addition of cardanol during the production of the microparticles led to an increase in the average diameter of the microparticles obtained, both those with low and high molar mass (MPLA3 and MPLA100, respectively), with the increase depending on the quantity of cardanol incorporated. DSC results showed a shift in melting point and a change in Tg and Tm with the incorporation of cardanol, suggesting an interaction between cardanol and PLA matrix. Higher encapsulation efficiency and slower release of cardanol were achieved when using microparticles with higher molar mass (MPLA100). The microparticles of MPLA100/1PVA/50C provided the slowest additive release among the formulations tested. Therefore, the processes for encapsulation and controlled release of cardanol in the PLA matrix were efficient.

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Polycardanol or Sulfonated Polystyrene as Flocculants for Asphaltene Dispersions

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Estimation of phase composition and size of asphaltene colloidal particles in mixtures of asphaltene + polystyrene + toluene at 293 K and atmospheric pressure

Estimation of phase composition and size of asphaltene colloidal particles in mixtures of asphaltene + polystyrene + toluene at 293 K and atmospheric pressure

Temperature-Independent Colloidal Phase Behavior of Maya Asphaltene + Toluene + Polystyrene Mixtures

Influence of Cardanol Encapsulated on the Properties of Poly(lactic Acid) Microparticles

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