Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Global Ecosystem

Risebrough, Robert W.; Rieche, P; Peakall, David B.; Herman, Steve; Kirven, M N

doi:10.1038/2201098a0

Cited by 709 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…PCBs are persistent and widespread in the atmosphere, water, and tissues of fish, wild animals, and humans. 8) They encompass 10 positions of substitution and a theoretically possible 209 congeners, of which 20 with non-ortho chlorine substitution in the biphenyl rings are called coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (coplanar PCBs). Although the bio-accumulated toxicity of PCBs has been associated with the structure of PCBs derived from ortho-position chlorination, 9) the toxic nature of PCBs might be associated with the presence of trace levels of particular coplanar PCBs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation ofg=2.49-Species of Cytochrome P450 in the Rat Liver by PCB126 Oral Administration: Identification of Heme Axial Ligands by EPR Spectroscopy

Yoshikawa

Takizawa

Shirai

et al. 2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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confidence: 99%

The Formation ofg=2.49-Species of Cytochrome P450 in the Rat Liver by PCB126 Oral Administration: Identification of Heme Axial Ligands by EPR Spectroscopy

Yoshikawa

Takizawa

Shirai

et al. 2006

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…1,2 Mackay and Wania first proposed the "global distillation model," which suggests that semivolatile organic chemicals (SOCs) experience repeated cycles of deposition and evaporation at higher latitudes. 3,4 This process, called "polar cold trapping", is driven by temperature.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Filter Effect versus Cold Trapping Effect on the Altitudinal Distribution of PCBs: A Case Study of Mt. Gongga, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mountains are observed to preferentially accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at higher altitude due to the cold condensation effect. Forest soils characterized by high organic carbon are important for terrestrial storage of POPs. To investigate the dominant factor controlling the altitudinal distribution of POPs in mountainous areas, we measured concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different environmental matrices (soil, moss, and air) from nine elevations on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, the highest mountain in Sichuan Province on the Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations of 24 measured PCBs ranged from 41 to 510 pg/g dry weight (dw) (mean: 260 pg/g dw) in the O-horizon soil, 280 to 1200 pg/g dw (mean: 740 pg/g dw) in moss, and 33 to 60 pg/m 3 (mean: 47 pg/m 3 ) in air. Soil organic carbon was a key determinant explaining 75% of the variation in concentration along the altitudinal gradient. Across all of the sampling sites, the average contribution of the forest filter effect (FFE) was greater than that of the mountain cold trapping effect based on principal components analysis and multiple linear regression. Our results deviate from the thermodynamic theory involving cold condensation at high altitudes of mountain areas and highlight the importance of the FFE.

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“…Risebrough et al (21) reported that an egg of a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) contained 10 ppm; 8 black petrel (Loomelania metania) eggs had an average of 1 ppm; 5 eggs of a barn owl (Tyto alba) had <1 ppm; and a golden eagle egg (Aquila chrysaetos) had <1 ppm. Dustman et al (22) reported median measurements of egg residues of bald eagles to be 1.65 ppm for Alaska and 9.7 for those from all other states.…”

Section: Effects On Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%