Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in bottom sediments of the Port of Gdansk

Lewandowski, Krzysztof; Witt, Maria; Kobusińska, Marta; Niemirycz, Elżbieta

doi:10.2478/s13545-014-0146-7

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, although PCP and Na‐PCP are thought not to be produced in the area of the Pilica River catchment, it does not mean that they were not used in the area. Lewandowski et al (2014) and Kobusińska et al (2014) noted contamination with PCP in the bottom sediment of the mouth section of the Vistula River (the Pilica River receiver) and the Gulf of Gdańsk. In addition, PCDD congeners are less water soluble than PCDFs, reflected in their octanol–water partition coefficient ( K OW ) (Shiu et al, 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are environmental contaminants that have widespread distribution and pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. We conducted a study to quantify the distribution, patterns, and transport of PCDDs and PCDFs along the Pilica River in central Poland under different hydrological conditions to estimate the loads of these compounds and understand their fate in aquatic systems. Water samples were collected at five sampling points along the river that represent a range of hydrological conditions including flooding and stable and low water flows. Reduced river water flow was associated with lower average total and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDDs plus PCDFs: 33.6 pg L and 4.21 pg TEQ L for flooding; 28.3 pg L and 3.6 pg TEQ L for stable flow; 18.4 pg L and 1.0 pg TEQ L for low-water flow. Similar results were observed for daily loadings of total and TEQ concentrations: the highest values were observed during flooding (331.1-839.4 mg d and 27.8-110.7 mg TEQ d), medium under stable hydrological conditions (55.8-121.0 mg d and 7.7-15.3 mg TEQ d), and the lowest values during low water flow (30.9 and 40.3 mg d and 1.4-2.4 mg TEQ d). The results demonstrate that diffuse sources of pollution play a key role during periods of high water flow (i.e., flooding season), whereas point sources of pollution, including municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant discharges, mainly determine the PCDD and PCDF concentrations seen during low water periods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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“…All the bottom sediment samples were prepared for PCP analysis by 24 h extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus or 40 minutes in an ultrasonic bath of 10 g to 20 g dry sediment (fraction φ< 2.00 mm) with the solution of methanol: Milli-Q water (4:1) and addition of 10% triethylamine. The extracts were cleaned by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Clean-Up C-18 CUC18 (6 cm 3 500 mg -1 ) columns as described (with minor changes) in Lewandowski et al (2014). The HPLC analysis was performed using a DIONEX apparatus and the chromatographic conditions were as follows: the thermostat temperature 25°C, the UV-VIS detector (wavelength λ = 254 nm), the chromatography column Hypersil GOLD (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), mobile phases: eluent (B) acetonitrile and eluent (A) Milli-Q water, the flow rate 1.0 cm 3 min -1 , gradient elution: 5% B for one and a half minute, then B was gradually increased to a maximum of 95% at the nineteenth and a half minute, this gradient was maintained for one and a half minute and returned to the 5% B gradient within the last minutes of the analysis.…”

Section: Analysis Of Pentachlorophenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of pentachlorophenol in artificial and natural sediments of Puck Bay

Maciak

Lewandowski

Niemirycz

2016

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an anthropogenic substance, toxic to humans. The major source of this compound in the environment are wastes from factories producing PCP and materials (textiles, wood) treated with PCP. In 2008, a dossier was prepared to support the inclusion of PCP in Annex I to the Protocol of the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The draft decision to add PCP along with its salts (NaPCP) and esters (PCPL) in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention was adopted during the seventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention in 2015. The aim of present study was to assess the status of contamination in Puck Bay with this harmful substance. The surface bottom sediments of Puck Bay were contaminated with pentachlorophenol to varying degrees, ranging from 17.4 ± 5.6 ng g

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“…Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) are both examples of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Lee et al 2006;Li et al 2012;Lewandowski et al 2014;Förstner et al 2016;Louchouarn et al 2018). The persistence and hydrophobicity of PCDDs/Fs and their resistance to degradation make them a significant ecotoxicological problem, one that is difficult to control (Nieuwoudt et al 2009;Roumak et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the concentrations of PCDDs/Fs in contaminated bottom sediments and their sources and ecological risk

et al. 2019

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Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F), two types of persistent organic pollutant (POP), in an urban retention reservoir located in an industrial zone within a coal-mining region. It also assesses the potential ecological risk of the PCDDs/Fs present in bottom sediments and the relationship between their content and the fraction of organic matter. Materials and methods The sediment samples were collected from Rybnik Reservoir, located in the centre of the Rybnik Coal Region, Silesia, one of Poland's major industrial centres. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners in the surface of the sediments were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Results and discussion The toxic equivalency (TEQ) of the PCDDs/Fs in the sediments ranged from 1.65 to 32.68 pg TEQ g −1. PCDDs constituted 59-78% of the total PCDDs/Fs, while the PCDFs accounted for 22-41%. The pattern of PCDD/F congeners in the sediments was dominated by OCDD. However, the second-most prevalent constituents were OCDF and ∑HpCDFs in the low TOC sediment (< 10 g TOC kg −1), but HpCDD in the rich TOC samples (> 10 g TOC kg −1). PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment samples were 2-to 38-fold higher than the sediment quality guidelines limit, indicating high ecological risk potential. Although a considerable proportion of PCDDs/Fs in the bottom sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir were derived from combustion processes, they were also obtained via transport, wastewater discharge, high-temperature processes and thermal electricity generation. The PCDD/F concentrations were significantly correlated with all fractions of organic matter; however, the strongest correlation coefficients were found between PCDDs/Fs and humic substances. Besides organic matter, the proportions of silt/clay fractions within sediments played an important role in the transport of PCDDs/Fs in bottom sediments. Conclusions The silt/clay fraction of the bottom sediments plays a dominant role in the movement of PCDDs/Fs, while the organic matter fraction affects their sorption. The results indicate that the environmental behaviour of PCDDs/Fs is affected by the quantity and quality of organic matter and the texture of sediments.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in bottom sediments of the Port of Gdansk

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

Migration of pentachlorophenol in artificial and natural sediments of Puck Bay

An assessment of the concentrations of PCDDs/Fs in contaminated bottom sediments and their sources and ecological risk

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