Polychlorinated phenols and their metabolites in soil and earthworms of sawmill environment

Knuutinen, Juha; Palm, Helena; Hakala, H.; Haimi, Jari; Huhta, Veikko; Salminen, Jani

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90153-k

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Residue monitoring of polychlorinated phenols used for wood preservation in Finnish sawmills showed the formation of O-methylated phenols in only a few earthworm species, but their formation in soil followed by uptake to the earthworms could not be excluded. 167) Sulfoxide phenol from fenamiphos was detected in E. fetida by soil exposure, but the absence of this metabolite's formation when using earthworm homogenates suggests that its presence was due to uptake from the soil. 27) Microbial degradation in soil can be minimized by using sterile natural or artificial soil in the exposure, applying pesticide via water exposure or direct injection, or conducting in vitro metabolism.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

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The toxic effects of pesticides on earthworms, one of the most important bioindicators in the terrestrial environment, are closely related to their body burden determined by uptake, metabolism and excretion processes. Not only the passive diffusion via the outer skin from a dissolved fraction of pesticide but also the ingestion of contaminated soil and food governs the uptake process, with each contribution controlled by either the hydrophobicity of the pesticide or the soil organic matter. Although the available information is limited, earthworms are likely to metabolize pesticides via hydrolysis and oxidation (Phase I) followed by conjugation (Phase II), and low bioaccumulation is observed as a result for most pesticides. The acute toxicity in the soil exposure can be partly explained by the dissolved fraction of pesticide in pore water, but the contribution of dietary uptake and metabolism should be further studied to correctly evaluate pesticide toxicity.

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Section: Metabolism Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

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“…Although a variety of bacteria are known to degrade chlorophenols (2), they are recalcitrant in soil and ground water (3). This may be due to insufficient concentrations of chlorophenol degraders and/or the lack of nutrients, electron acceptors or donors, low temperature, incorrect pH or inhibition by xenobiotic itself in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of chlorophenol contaminated ground water

Järvinen

Puhakka

1994

Environmental Technology

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Two aerobic laboratory-scale continuous-flow fluidized-bed reactors were used to study biological ground water decontamination from chlorophenols. Biomass in both reactors was enriched using synthetic chlorophenol feed. The chlorophenol degradation was monitored by inorganic chloride release (ICl), organic carbon removal and gas Chromatographic analyses. The chlorophenol concentration in Kärkölä aquifer, Finland remained stable through a two year period. Fluidized-bed treatment of ground water contaminated with 44-55 mgl -1 of chlorophenols resulted in less than 1 mgl -1 effluent concentrations and corresponding ICl releases. 99% chlorophenol degradation was maintained even at 45 min hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 1500 gCPm -3 d -1 loading rate. During gradual temperature decrease from 25-30°C to 10°C within 4 months, ICl release remained stable. At 10°C, over 99 % chlorophenol removal, and effluent concentrations of less than 0.1 mgl -1 , were maintained at 5 h HRT and 240 gCPm -3 d -1 loading rate. Reactors were continuously operated for 11 and 7 months without failures in chlorophenol degradation performances.

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“…These invertebrates, able to resist high concentrations of pollutants, owing to very e$cient systems of storage and detoxi"-cation, are, however, subject to sublethal toxic e!ects when the levels of absorption surpass the rates of the excretory, metabolic, storage, and detoxi"cation processes. The concentrations of the pollutants to which the snails proved sensitive are at the limits of concentrations observed in contaminated soils, whether it be for metals in the soil in the vicinity of the Avonmouth smelter (U.K.) analyzed by Spurgeon and Hopkin (1996) (site 1: Cd: 312; Cu: 2620; Zn: 32 900; Pb: 16,000 g ) g\) or for chlorophenols (including PCP), which can reach considerable concentrations in soils around wood-preserving facilities, for example (500 g ) g\ noted by Knuutinen et al, 1990, and 10,000 g ) g\ by Kitunen et al, 1987), or in agricultural soils treated with contaminated sludge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Growth Toxicity Testing (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Pentachlorophenol) with Helix aspersa

Vaufleury

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Polychlorinated phenols and their metabolites in soil and earthworms of sawmill environment

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Bioremediation of chlorophenol contaminated ground water

Standardized Growth Toxicity Testing (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Pentachlorophenol) with Helix aspersa

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