Polyclonality of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response to Virus Infection

Nahill, Sharon R.; Welsh, Raymond M.

doi:10.3181/00379727-200-43454

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…This hypothesis may be reasonable in light of what is known about the phenotype of memory T cells (1,9). When T cells acquire a memory phenotype, they upregulate the expression of several surface adhesion molecules in addition to the interleukin-2 receptor and become more sensitive to stimulation by a lowaffinity, T-cell-specific peptide (21,25). This ''promiscuous'' behavior may allow a memory T cell to become activated through an interaction of its T-cell receptor with an antigenpresenting cell presenting a peptide epitope from a virus unrelated to the virus that induced the original immune response.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus

Demkowicz

Littaua

Wang

et al. 1996

J Virol

205

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Peripheral T lymphocytes can be classified into two groups: naive and memory T cells. The focus of this study was to examine the duration of T-cell memory in humans. Vaccinia virus replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and is not thought to persist or become latent after the acute phase of infection. We identified long-lived vaccinia virus-specific memory cytotoxic T cells in adults who had been immunized against smallpox as children. Initially, we detected vaccinia virus-specific T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells while screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1-seropositive subjects. These individuals had not had contact with vaccinia virus since their primary immunization in early childhood. Several vaccinia virus-specific CD4 ؉ T-cell clones were derived from these donors and characterized. Healthy, HIV-1-seronegative donors who had been immunized against smallpox many (35 to 50) years earlier were also screened for vaccinia virus-specific T-cell immunity. We found significant CD8 ؉ and CD4 ؉ cytotoxic T-cell responses to vaccinia virus after in vitro stimulation, indicating that these memory cells are maintained in vivo for many years. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young adults with no history of immunization against smallpox did not develop vaccinia virus-specific T-cell responses after in vitro stimulation. Precursor frequency analysis of the vaccinia virus-specific memory CD4 ؉ T cells from a donor immunized with vaccinia virus 35 years earlier revealed a frequency of 1 in 65,920 CD4 ؉ T cells. We concluded that specific vaccinia virus T-cell immunity can persist for up to 50 years after immunization against smallpox in childhood in the presumed absence of exposure to vaccinia virus.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus

Demkowicz

Littaua

Wang

et al. 1996

J Virol

205

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“…Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an arenavirus that is a natural pathogen of mice 21 . The immune response to this virus is probably the best characterized of any murine virus infection model 22–32 . Within 3 days following an LCMV infection there is a peak of NK‐cell activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of cellular immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is independent of CD1d1 expression

et al. 2001

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SUMMARYCD1 molecules are cell surface glycoproteins, structurally similar to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The murine CD1d1 molecule has been shown to be essential for the positive selection of a unique subpopulation of T cells [the natural killer (NK) T cells], as CD1d1-de®cient mice lack NK T cells. These cells have recently been suggested to play an important role in the induction of innate immunity (i.e. NK cells) and the regulation of immune homeostasis. As such, it was asked whether NK T cells were necessary for the generation of cellular immunity to an acute virus infection. In these studies, the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a classic inducer of NK cells, and its pathogenic variant clone 13 were used. When NK-cell activity was assessed on day 3 post-LCMV infection, surprisingly, it was found that CD1d1-de®cient mice could generate NK-cell activity at wild-type levels. Likewise, LCMV-speci®c cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in CD1d1-de®cient mice was indistinguishable from that generated in wild-type mice. Additionally, viral titres in the spleen (LCMV Armstrong) and blood (LCMV clone 13) of infected CD1d1-de®cient mice were at comparable levels to those found in wild-type mice, as were virus infection-induced increases in cell surface H-2K b in the spleen. Therefore, these results suggest that the LCMV-induced generation of NK-cell and virus-speci®c CTL activity, as well as viral clearance, are independent of CD1d1 expression.

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Epstein-Barr virus meningoencephalitis with a lymphoma-like response in an immunocompetent host

et al. 1999

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We report the clinical and neuropathological findings in an immunocompetent 19‐year‐old patient with a fatal acute Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) meningoencephalitis and a lymphoma‐like B‐lymphocyte response. Our results suggest that an immunotoxic rather than direct viral neuronal invasion mediates brain damage in EBV encephalitis and rule out primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in our patient. We discuss immunosuppression as a therapeutic option, because present strategies mainly consist of symptomatic therapy due to unclear pathogenesis and nonavailability of effective antiviral agents. Ann Neurol 1999;45:659–662

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Polyclonality of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response to Virus Infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus

Human cytotoxic T-cell memory: long-lived responses to vaccinia virus

Generation of cellular immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is independent of CD1d1 expression

Epstein-Barr virus meningoencephalitis with a lymphoma-like response in an immunocompetent host

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