The
molecular design of polymer interfaces has been key
for advancing
electrochemical separation processes. Precise control of molecular
interactions at electrochemical interfaces has enabled the removal
or recovery of charged species with enhanced selectivity, capacity,
and stability. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent
developments in polymer interfaces applied to liquid-phase electrochemical
separations, with a focus on their role as electrosorbents as well
as membranes in electrodialysis systems. In particular, we delve into
both the single-site and macromolecular design of redox polymers and
their use in heterogeneous electrochemical separation platforms. We
highlight the significance of incorporating both redox-active and
non-redox-active moieties to tune binding toward ever more challenging
separations, including structurally similar species and even isomers.
Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of selective
ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and the critical need to
control the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Finally, we
share perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in electrochemical
separations, ranging from the need for a comprehensive understanding
of binding mechanisms to the continued innovation of electrochemical
architectures for polymer electrodes.