Abstract:Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted intense
attention due to its extraordinary properties that make it a suitable material
for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films,
which are necessary for industrial applications, are typically polycrystalline,
that is, composed of single-crystalline grains of varying orientation joined by
grain boundaries. Here, we present a review of the large body of research
reported in the past few years on polycrystalline gr… Show more
“…Further, the small-angle GBs in suspended graphene tend to form the out-of-plane buckling for further reducing their formation energies, while large-angle GBs are almost flat [207]. 10.1080/14686996.2018.1494493-F0013Figure 13.Configurations of (a) the θ = 21.8° and (b) the θ = 32.2° symmetric large-angle GBs, respectively [137]. (c) STM image of a regular line defect in graphene on the Ni(111) [208].…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Configurations of (a) the θ = 21.8° and (b) the θ = 32.2° symmetric large-angle GBs, respectively [137]. (c) STM image of a regular line defect in graphene on the Ni(111) [208].…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Isolated disclinations require out-of-plane deformations of the graphene sheet and therefore have high formation energies [137]. This makes them highly unlikely to be developed in monolayer graphene.…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
Monolayer graphene exhibits extraordinary properties owing to the unique, regular arrangement of atoms in it. However, graphene is usually modified for specific applications, which introduces disorder. This article presents details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers. We also discuss topics related to the creation and configuration of disorders in graphene, such as corrugations, topological defects, vacancies, adatoms and sp3-defects. The effects of these disorders on the electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of graphene are analyzed subsequently. Finally, we review previous work on the modulation of structural defects in graphene for specific applications.
“…Further, the small-angle GBs in suspended graphene tend to form the out-of-plane buckling for further reducing their formation energies, while large-angle GBs are almost flat [207]. 10.1080/14686996.2018.1494493-F0013Figure 13.Configurations of (a) the θ = 21.8° and (b) the θ = 32.2° symmetric large-angle GBs, respectively [137]. (c) STM image of a regular line defect in graphene on the Ni(111) [208].…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Configurations of (a) the θ = 21.8° and (b) the θ = 32.2° symmetric large-angle GBs, respectively [137]. (c) STM image of a regular line defect in graphene on the Ni(111) [208].…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Isolated disclinations require out-of-plane deformations of the graphene sheet and therefore have high formation energies [137]. This makes them highly unlikely to be developed in monolayer graphene.…”
Section: Disorders In Graphene Structurementioning
Monolayer graphene exhibits extraordinary properties owing to the unique, regular arrangement of atoms in it. However, graphene is usually modified for specific applications, which introduces disorder. This article presents details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers. We also discuss topics related to the creation and configuration of disorders in graphene, such as corrugations, topological defects, vacancies, adatoms and sp3-defects. The effects of these disorders on the electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of graphene are analyzed subsequently. Finally, we review previous work on the modulation of structural defects in graphene for specific applications.
“…In addition, the photoluminescence quantum yield is unexpectedly low for a direct-gap semiconductor [6]. All these facts suggest that structural defects in TMD monolayers play significant roles in the electronic and optical properties [7][8][9].…”
“…Grain boundaries in graphene have been found to affect the mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties of the material [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The grain boundaries commonly consist of dislocations in the form of pentagon-heptagon defect pairs, and cause out-of-plane buckling of the graphene sheet [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
Graphene grain boundaries are known to affect phonon transport and thermal conductivity, suggesting that they may be used to engineer the phononic properties of graphene. Here, the effect of two buckled grain boundaries on long-wavelength flexural acoustic phonons has been investigated as a function of angle of incidence using molecular dynamics. The flexural acoustic mode has been chosen due to its importance to thermal transport. It is found that the transmission through the boundaries is strongly suppressed for incidence angles close to 35 • . Also, the grain boundaries are found to act as diffraction gratings for the phonons.
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