“…The additional peaks at 255, 271, 316, 333, 367, 432, and 576 cm −1 respectively correspond to the modes of E TO3 , A 1(TO2) , E TO4 , A 1(TO3) , E TO5 , E TO7 , and E TO8 . [29] Figure 4a presents the UV-vis absorption spectrum of M-LN crystals, which presents an absorption at 340 nm within the 200-900 nm range. The bandgap of M-LN is evaluated and its measured value is ≈3.66 eV, which is almost as same as that of ceramic LiNbO 3 (≈3.7 eV).…”