In this work, CuO thin films that were elaborated via spray pyrolysis have been examined in terms of how the film thickness affects the structural, optical, and electrical aspects of the films. The CuO films are polycrystalline with a monoclinic structure according to X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the band gap energy was discovered to be between 1.14eV, 1.53 eV and 1.61. Using the four-point probe, the electrical resistivity was computed and the high conductivity found corresponds to the sample generated with a film thickness of t=292 nm, is 7.52 (×10-3 Ω.cm)-1. Besides that, using SCAPS-1D software, a numerical calculation of the performance of the CuO-based solar cells was made Based on the experimental finding. So when absorber layer thickness is 292 nm, and the band gap value is 1.53 eV, the optimized CuO/TiO2/FTO solar cell structure demonstrated a potential efficiency of 13,38%. The impact of the absorber layer thickness and temperature on solar cell performance have been thoroughly explored. Moreover, the CuO/TiO2/FTO solar cells curves of external quantum efficiency (EQE) for various CuO layer thicknesses were determined.