Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Shale Oils: Influence of Process Conditions

Williams, Paul T.; Nazzal, Jamal M.

doi:10.1080/09593331908616734

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, these figures indicate that the inclusion of steam in the N 2 atmosphere caused an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbon gases, alkanes and alkenes in the gaseous pyrolysis products. These results agree with those of several other researchers' works [9][10][11]. Nazzal [12] suggested that the presence of steam in oil shale pyrolysis could play an important role in the exit gas composition because, in addition to having a high heat capacity, steam speeds up the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Gas Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The said ratio has been used to determine reaction mechanisms and indicates pyrolysis conditions [11,13]. Several researchers have suggested that an increase in the alkene/alkane ratio is a result of secondary cracking reactions [9,11,12] and lower ratios are associated with coking reactions [1,2]. During pyrolysis the alkenes/alkanes ratio initially increased and then decreased.…”

Section: Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these ratios were mostly higher in the pyrolysis with steam. Williams and Nazzal [9] suggested that even though steam increases the oil yield by decreasing the occurrence of secondary coking reactions, it also increases the alkenes/alkanes ratio, which means an increase in the taking place of secondary vapor phase cracking reactions.…”

Section: Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases

Baird¹,

Järvik²,

Mozaffari³

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studying the evolution of gas during the decomposition process of oil shale provides information about the changes of its composition, as well as an understanding of the mechanism of the pyrolysis process. Earlier mainly the CO 2 atmosphere was used to observe the effect of the sweep gas on the production of pyrolysis products. In the current study, the Fischer assay method was used to analyze the pyrolysis of Estonian kukersite oil shale with CO 2 , CO 2 /steam, N 2 and N 2 /steam sweep gases. The gaseous products were collected offline using a sample bag. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed to investigate the evolution of C 1 -C 3 gases, H 2 , CO 2 and CO. Subsequently, the results from each test were analyzed and compared. It was shown that in comparison with N 2 , pyrolysis in CO 2 increased the production of alkanes and hydrocarbon (HC) gases. Also, the generation of CH 4 and CO gases was enhanced with CO 2 , while the concentration of H 2 in the pyrolysis gas did not significantly change with either environment. The tests carried out in the presence of steam showed that unlike the N 2 atmosphere, CO 2 /steam decreased the production of total hydrocarbons, H 2 , CO 2 and CO.

show abstract

Section: Gas Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases

Baird¹,

Järvik²,

Mozaffari³

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…%) and mineral porous matrix (consists of carbonates, clay and quartz) [12]. It has been estimated that more than 2.7 Â 10 4 billion tons of oil may exist in the known worldwide oil shale resources [10,13]. And the oil shale resource is around 30 times as much as the crude oil reserve [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of oil shale and microalgae to produce syngas

2016

Journal of the Energy Institute

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Carbazole is one of the major nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fossil fuels (i.e., coal, crude oil, oils derived from the pyrolysis of oil shales) (Benedik et al, 1998;Williams and Nazzal, 1998). Carbazole is emitted from coal and wood combustion and it is also found in cigarette smoke (Liang and Pankow, 1996;Smith and Hansch, 2000;Ross et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Henry’s law constant, octanol–air partition coefficient and supercooled liquid vapor pressure of carbazole as a function of temperature: Application to gas/particle partitioning in the atmosphere

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The HenryÕs law constant for carbazole was experimentally determined between 5 and 35°C using a gas-stripping technique. The following equation was obtained for dimensionless HenryÕs law constant (H 0 ) versus temperature (T, K):Temperature-dependent octanol-air partition coefficients (K OA ) and supercooled liquid vapor pressures (P L , Pa) of carbazole were also determined using the GC retention time method. The temperature dependence of K OA and P L were explained by the following: log K OA ¼ 4076=ðT ; KÞ À 5.65 log P L ðPaÞ ¼ À3948ðT ; KÞ À1 þ 11.84The gas and particle-phase carbazole concentrations measured previously in Chicago, IL in 1995 was used for gas/ particle partitioning modeling. Octanol based absorptive partitioning model consistently underpredicted the gas/particle partition coefficients (K p ) for all sampling periods. However, overall there was a good agreement between the measured K p and soot-based model predictions.

show abstract

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Shale Oils: Influence of Process Conditions

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases

Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases

The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of oil shale and microalgae to produce syngas

Henry’s law constant, octanol–air partition coefficient and supercooled liquid vapor pressure of carbazole as a function of temperature: Application to gas/particle partitioning in the atmosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About