Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Haematological and Oxidative Stress Levels in Commercial Photocopier Operators In Lagos, Nigeria

Awodele, Olufunsho; Akindele, Abidemi J.; Adebowale, GO; Adeyemi, OO

doi:10.4314/gmj.v49i1.7

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Elango and colleagues (24) performed a more detailed assessment in copier operators in India and discovered that the workers were experiencing higher prevalence of nasal blockage, cough, excessive sputum production, and breathing difficulties in addition to elevated markers for oxidative stress and lower albumin to globin ratio, among other important health parameters. Other investigators evaluating the health of photocopier operators in various countries have identified similar findings as those previously mentioned (25–27). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol

Chalbot

Pirela

Schifman

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Recent studies have shown that engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are incorporated into toner powder used in printing equipment and released during their use. Thus, understanding the functional and structural composition and potential synergistic effects of this complex aerosol and released gaseous co-pollutants is critical in assessing their potential toxicological implications and risks. In this study, toner powder and PEPs were thoroughly examined for functional and molecular composition of the organic fraction and the concentration profile of 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) using state of the art analytical methods. Results show significant differences in abundance of non-exchangeable organic hydrogen of toner powder and PEPs, with a stronger aromatic spectral signature in PEPs. Changes in structural composition of PEPs are indicative of radical additions and free-radical polymerization favored by catalytic reactions, resulting in formation of functionalized organic species. Particularly, accumulation of aromatic carbons with strong styrene-like molecular signatures on PEPs is associated with formation of semivolatile heavier aromatic species (i.e., PAHs). Further, the transformation of low molecular weight PAHs in the toner powder to high molecular weight PAHs in PEPs was documented and quantified. This may be a result of synergistic effects from catalytic metal/metal oxide ENPs incorporated into the toner and the presence/release of semi-volatile organic species (SVOCs). The presence of known carcinogenic PAHs on PEPs raises public health concerns and warrants further toxicological assessment.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol

Chalbot

Pirela

Schifman

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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“…[2] Several studies have indicated the presence of occupational stress among workers in Nigeria. [3–10] In addition, Ekpenyong and Inyang [11] reported an overall prevalence of work-related disorders of 39.25% among a group of workers in Nigeria. Azodo and Ezeja [12] also showed that 1 in every 10 respondents reported severe occupational stress in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rational emotive behavior coaching on occupational stress and work ability among electronics workshop instructors in Nigeria

et al. 2017

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Background/objective:This study examined the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior coaching (REBC) on occupational stress and work ability in a sample of electronics workshop instructors in Nigeria.Methods:A pretest–posttest control group design was used. The participants were 108 electronics workshop instructors in technical colleges in the south-east of Nigeria who met the study inclusion criteria. Data were collected using 3 questionnaires and analyzed using a repeated measure analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U test.Results:REBC led to a significant reduction in occupational stress experienced by the electronics workshop instructors in the REBC group compared to their counterparts in the waitlist control group. Furthermore, the scores for occupation-related irrational beliefs of the instructors in the REBC group were significantly lower than those in the waitlist control group at the end of the coaching intervention. The work ability of the REBC group was significantly better than that of the waitlist control group. Finally, the effects in the REBC group were significantly sustained at 3-month follow-up.Conclusion:REBC is a time-efficient and solution-focused therapeutic modality for assisting occupationally stressed employees in a Nigerian setting. REBC can be used for improving and maintaining work ability of workers. The researchers hope that occupational health professionals and health counselors would extend this approach to tackle psychological issues limiting employees’ effectiveness and performance in the Nigerian work environment and in other countries.

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“…The increasing demand for printers and copying devices without knowing their health risks of volatilization of inks and solvents caused a lot of health and respiratory risks to workers and ordinary people as well as a potential source of indoor air pollution. Several studies have indicated prevalence of many of respiratory symptoms pulmonary restrictive sings and oxidative stress in photocopying and printing workers (1,2). Printers and copying devices during their operation emit various types of pollutants into the indoor air environment including nanoparticulate matter released into the air, together with other semi-volatile organic nanoparticles, and newly formed gaseous co-pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and other toxic gases nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide), lead, nickel, benzene, arsenic, ammonia, paper minutes and inks particle (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of some Air Pollutantsin Printing Units and Copy Centers Within Baghdad City

2021

BSJ

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Emissions of particulate matter from nanopapers as well as inks and organic solvents during the printing operationand copying machines constitute a threat to human health, especially with long time exposure in closed working environments. The present study was conducted in some printing houses and copying centers of Baghdad city during February and April.The studyproved the occurrence of an air pollution problem concerning lead and zinc contents in all the study sites. The levels of Pb, Zn and Cu were collected by low volume sampler from the air of the study sites then filter papers digested and determined the heavy metals by flame atomic spectrophotometer. Particulate matter was measured by Aerocet, Microtector meter device was used to measure nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds . The highest concentrations of lead and zinc were recorded in the printing houses air (2.75μg/m 3 ) and (51.95μg/m 3 ) respectively. In contrast,copper concentration in the copying offices air recorded a significantly higher value (0.65μg/m 3 ) (P>0.05) as compared to that in printing houses. Fine particulate matter(PM 2.5 )(particles diameter < 2.5 μm) hasrecorded the highest concentration (44.50μg/m 3 ) in printing houses, followed by the highest concentrations of inhalable coarse particulate matter (PM 10 ) (particles with diameter of 2.5 to 10 μm) and total suspended particulates (TSP)(the total of solid particles) (477.66 and 667.00μg/m 3 ) respectively in printing houses. The results obviously showed the highest concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) (6.13 ppm) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (21.88 ppm) in printing houses, while nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) recorded its highest concentration (1.44 ppm) in copy centers. Lead, zinc, copper, PM 2.5, PM 10 and TSP concentrations exceeded the permissble levels in all study sites converselywith the levels of carbon monoxide , nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide(SO 2 ) and volatile organic compounds that were within permissible air quality standards.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Haematological and Oxidative Stress Levels in Commercial Photocopier Operators In Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol

Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol

Effects of rational emotive behavior coaching on occupational stress and work ability among electronics workshop instructors in Nigeria

Measurement of some Air Pollutantsin Printing Units and Copy Centers Within Baghdad City

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