Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) patterns in climatically different ecological zones of Brazil

Wilcke, Wolfgang; Amelung, Wulf; Krauß, Martin; Martius, Christopher; Bandeira, Adelmar Gomes; Garcia, Marcos Valério

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(03)00137-2

Cited by 85 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Total PAHs concentrations observed in PEFI soils are lower than the ones reported for industrial soils by MotelayMassei et al (2003) for Oissel soils (3390 µg.kg -1 ), Nadal et al (2004) for Tarragona soils (1102 µg.kg -1 ), Trapido (1999) Yang et al (2002) for Tokushima urban soils (610.6 µg.kg -1 ) and higher than those found in Bangkok (129.2 µg.kg -1 ) by Wilcke et al (1999). For natural soils, the total PAHs concentrations in the current study are similar with those reported by Wilcke et al (2003) for Amazon soils (145 µg.kg -1 ) and Mata Atlântica soils (115 µg.kg -1 ), as well as to the levels reported by Nadal et al (2004) for Spanish unpolluted soils (112 µg.kg -1 ) and by Nam et al (2003) for agricultural soils of Korea (158 µg.kg -1 ).…”

Section: -100supporting

confidence: 86%

“…The values obtained in this study indicated PAHs sources associated with gasoline vehicle emissions or fossil fuels combustion by industry. PAHs levels reported in the literature from soils of urban and natural areas are presented in Table V. The PAHs observed in Cunha is slightly higher than others values from poorly-anthropized areas from Brazil (Wilcke et al 2003) or other countries (Nadal et al 2004, Nam et al 2003, Aamot et al 1996. This could indicate the beginning of a contamination in the Cunha area.…”

Section: -100mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In CUNHA, ACE and FLU were the most abundant compounds which accounted for 50% of the PAHs, the remaining 50% being due to ACY, PHE, FLT and PYR. Some studies suggested that low molecular weight PAHs are likely to be naturally produced in poorly-anthropized areas in Brazil (Wilcke et al 2003). Natural sources are thus possible to explain the low molecular weight PAHs in the CUNHA soil.…”

Section: -100mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Wilcke et al (2003) emphasized, "in the last two decades, much research work has produced an improved understanding of the sources and fate of the hazardous PAHs in temperate environments. In contrast, little is known about the sources and fate of PAHs in tropical environments".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in urban and natural forest soils in the Atlantic Forest (São Paulo State)

Bourotte

Forti

Lucas

et al. 2009

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Studies about pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical soils and Brazil are scarce. A study was performed to examine the PAHs composition, concentrations and sources in red-yellow Oxisols of remnant Atlantic Forest of the São Paulo State. Sampling areas were located in an urban site (PEFI) and in a natural one (CUNHA). The granulometric composition, pH, organic matter content and mineralogical composition were determined in samples of superficial soils. The sum of PAHs ( HPAs) was 4.5 times higher in the urban area than in the natural one. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene have been detected in the soils of both areas and presented similar concentrations. Acenaphthene and fluorene were the most abundant compounds. Pyrene was twice more abundant in the soils of natural area (15 µg.kg -1 ) than of the urban area and fluoranthene was the dominant compound (203 µg.kg -1 ) in urban area (6.8 times higher than in the natural area). Some compounds of higher molecular weight, which are tracers of vehicular emissions showed significant concentrations in urban soils. Pyrene represented 79% of PAHs whereas it has not been detected in natural soils. The results showed that forest soils in urban area are characterized by the accumulation of high molecular weight compounds of industrial and vehicular origin.

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Section: -100supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: -100mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: -100mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in urban and natural forest soils in the Atlantic Forest (São Paulo State)

Bourotte

Forti

Lucas

et al. 2009

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…The different PAHs profiles fingerprint in TBNA suggests a different source pattern. Recent literature found strong indications that Nap and Phe were produced, not only in exhaust fumes, but also biologically and in spills of unburnt petroleum (Aislabie et al 1999;Wilcke et al 2003). Oil wells in TBNA are probably an important source of LMW PAHs, including Nap and Phe, and biological processes are probably another source of LMW PAHs, which will be further studied.…”

Section: Soil Pah Profile and Potential Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Jiao

Lü

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector in 105 topsoil samples from an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in the North of China. Results demonstrated that concentrations of PAHs in 104 soil samples from this area ranged from 68.7 to 5,590 ng g −1 dry weight with a mean of 16PAHs 814 ± 813 ng g −1 , which suggests that there exists mid to high levels of PAH contamination. The concentration of 16PAHs in one soil sample from Tianjin Port was exceptionally high (48,700 ng g −1 ). Ninetythree of the 105 soil samples were considered to be contaminated with PAHs (>200 ng g −1 ), and 25 were heavily polluted (>1,000 ng g −1 ). The sites with high PAHs concentration are mainly distrib- uted around chemical industry parks and near highways. Two low molecular weight PAHs, naphthalene and phenanthrene, were the dominant components in the soil samples, which accounted for 22.1% and 10.7% of the 16PAHs concentration, respectively. According to the observed molecular indices, house heating in winter, straw stalk combustion in open areas after harvest, and petroleum input were common sources of PAHs in this area, while factory discharge and vehicle exhaust were the major sources around chemical industrial parks and near highways. Biological processes were probably another main source of low molecular weight PAHs.

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Ingestion and Dermal Cancer Risk via Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soils in an Oil‐Producing Community, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Enuneku

Ogbeide

Okpara

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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There is an intrinsic link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulated in soils and increased health risk to humans after exposure to contaminated soil via ingestion, inhalation of particulates carrying PAHs, and direct contact with polluted soils. However, the assessment of PAH contamination in most developing countries fails to consider health risk assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted to determine the concentration, source, toxicity, and human health risks of 16 PAHs in an urban area in Warri, Delta State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results showed varying contamination levels for PAH in soil samples from all sampling points, with benzo[a]anthracene (BaP; at 338.81 μg/kg) being the most abundant at all 9 sampling stations. The highest total concentration of PAH was observed at station 5 (1230.98 μg/kg), which was closest to a flow station. Further comparison with PAH contamination standards showed that soils from stations 1 and 2 were weakly contaminated (<600 μg/kg), and soil samples from stations 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 were moderately contaminated (<1000 μg/kg). Soil samples from stations 5 and 8 were observed to be heavily contaminated (>1000 μg/kg). The BaP estimates for soil samples obtained for stations 3 to 9 were higher than the BaP soil screening value (15 μg/kg), indicating a carcinogenic potential of soil samples. The results also showed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimates for PAH in the soil for adults and children were above the recommended threshold (10 −4) for ingestion and dermal contact, implying that exposure to contaminated soil could lead to cancers in adults and children. Currently, there are no regional or national standards for PAHs in soil that would indicate an increased likelihood for human exposure and subsequent health issues.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) patterns in climatically different ecological zones of Brazil

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in urban and natural forest soils in the Atlantic Forest (São Paulo State)

Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations in urban and natural forest soils in the Atlantic Forest (São Paulo State)

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Ingestion and Dermal Cancer Risk via Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soils in an Oil‐Producing Community, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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