Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a potential source of carcinogenicity of mate

Oranuba, Ebele; Deng, Hua; Peng, Jiangnan; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Kamangar, Farin

doi:10.1080/10590501.2019.1555323

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Mate was found to contain N-nitroso, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other substances which are carcinogenic substances. 30 PAH was found to raise the risk for childhood leukaemia. PAH exposure can be from parental exposure to vehicle exhaust, 31 paternal smoking, [24][25] and hookah which was found to have 16 components of PAH.…”

Section: Tobacco and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Feeding and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Syria: A Potential Association

Kakaje¹,

Alhalabi²,

Ghareeb³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Med. Public Health

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Objectives: This study aims to assess the interaction between Breastfeeding and ALL incidence and different ALL variables in children. Methods: Our case-control study was conducted in the major paediatric cancer centre in Syria. Information was obtained from the hospital's records of patients who did not have a hereditary or chromosomal syndrome and aged 4 years and less. The cases had ALL and controls were hospital inpatients. Children were divided into 3 groups depending on their feeding habits before the age of 6 months. Results: Sixty (85.7%) cases and 59 (72%) controls were exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding was found more frequently in the case group P=0.04 (OR, 2.339; CI, 1.025 -5.336). In case group, parents of a low educational level breastfed their children more frequently (P<0.05). Number of siblings was not associated with ALL or any of its variables. Furthermore, infancy feeding pattern correlation with gender, being born with no complications, consanguinity, CD10, FAB classification, ALL-subtype, risk, and family history were insignificant. Conclusion: There are certain practices among the Syrian people, especially among parents of a low educational level that has possibly exposed to carcinogenic substances which were possibly transferred through BF. However, BF had minor effects on the prognosis and subtype of ALL, and number of siblings had no effect on ALL.

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Section: Tobacco and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Feeding and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Syria: A Potential Association

Kakaje¹,

Alhalabi²,

Ghareeb³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Med. Public Health

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“…Numerous studies have shown significant differences in the total PAHs content ranging from 194 ng/g to 9001 ng/g of dried Yerba Mate leaves. On the other hand, the concentration of benzo[α]pyrene is considered to be the main human carcinogen ranging from 0-603 ng/g of dry material (known permissible levels of this compound in food are 0.001-0.01 mg/kg fresh weight), while for water extracts from of Yerba Mate were extracted at most 10% of this compound [90]. The different content of benzo[α]pyrene in Yerba Mate infusions may result from differences in the PAHs content in the dried raw material and in the procedures used to prepare infusions, such as the ratio of dry leaves to water, water temperature, and/or infusion duration [91].…”

Section: Potential Toxicity Of Yerba Matementioning

confidence: 99%

Yerba Mate—A Long but Current History

2021

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Bearing in mind the growing interest in Yerba Mate, a comprehensive study has been prepared containing the most important aspects and possibilities of its use. The introduction of the work contains the species characteristics of Yerba Mate, as well as information about the origin and places of cultivation. The next part focuses on the analysis of the composition, pointing to purine alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, and minerals as groups of active compounds responsible for the clinical activity of Yerba Mate. The review of the results of preclinical and clinical studies indicates activity in relation to the stimulating effect, reducing weight by stimulating lipolysis, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The information about the action of Yerba Mate is supplemented by the characteristics of its potential toxicity in terms of PAHs content (in particular benzo[α]pyrene) and preparation as a determinant of increased irritation. The current data on the effects of Yerba Mate and the wide safety margin of its use position this raw material as a valuable component of functional food. The growing frequency of consuming Yerba Mate, conditioned by the availability resulting from the globalization of the market and the information provided about it’s the pro-health effects, will position Yerba Mate's popularity among wider population groups.

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“…Although mate is traditionally consumed in South America, it is very popular in Syria. Mate was found to contain N-nitroso, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other substances which are carcinogenic substances [29].…”

Section: Potential Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: potential leukemogenesis in children in developing countries

Kakaje

Alhalabi

Ghareeb

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:Breastfeeding (BF) in infancy is associated with a decreased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries, neglecting developing countries where mothers might be exposed to different carcinogenic substances which could be transferred through breastmilk.Methods: This is a case-control study which was conducted in the major paediatric cancer centre in Syria. Data of case and control groups were obtained from the hospital’s records. Only patients with no hereditary or chromosomal syndrome and aged 4 years and younger were included. The case group included ALL patients and control group contained hospital patients who visited its various clinics. The patients were categorised into 3 groups depending on their feeding habits before the age of 6 months. Results:Our sample contained 70 patients in the case group with 42 (60%) being males and 82 patients in the control group with 52 (55.3%) being males. Sixty (85.7%) cases and 59 (72%) controls were exclusively breastfed. We found a statistically significant difference when comparing cases and controls in BF patterns (P<0.05) as cases were exclusively breastfed more frequently. Exclusive breastfeeding was found more frequently in the case group compared to other patterns of infancy feeding P=0.04 (OR, 2.339; CI, 1.025 -5.336). In case group, parents of a low educational level breastfed their children more frequently (P<0.05). Number of siblings was not associated with ALL or any of its variables. Furthermore, infancy feeding pattern correlation with gender, being born with no complications, consanguinity, CD10, FAB classification, ALL-subtype, risk, and family history were insignificant. Conclusion:There are certain practices among the Syrian people, especially among parents of a low educational level that has possibly exposed their children to carcinogenic substances which were possibly transferred through BF, causing this association between ALL and BF. We speculate certain substances and behaviours being responsible. However, BF had minor effects on the prognosis and subtype of ALL, and number of siblings had no effect on ALL.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a potential source of carcinogenicity of mate

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Breast Feeding and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Syria: A Potential Association

Breast Feeding and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Syria: A Potential Association

Yerba Mate—A Long but Current History

Breastfeeding and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: potential leukemogenesis in children in developing countries

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