Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Crops After Irrigation of Wastewater Discharged from Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants

Chung, Namhyun; Cho, J. Y.; Park, S. W.; Park, Bong-Ju; Hwang, Seon Ah; Park, T. I.

doi:10.1007/s00128-008-9398-5

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The probable source of these compounds is organic matter combustion to low temperatures (Nagy et al, 2007); relatively high concentrations in comparison to high molecular weight compounds can be explained by the relative solubility of the PAHs. This pattern of concentrations has been seen before (Bishnoi et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2005;Chung et al, 2008) The mean value of total PAHs in Tlahuac and Milpa Alta water samples for 2008 were both 0.04 µg/L. This did not exceed the permissible value of 1.0 µg/L proposed by European Union for irrigation of crops.…”

Section: Watersupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Many PAHs found in water are derived of combustion process such as anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and others compounds. Some investigations have suggested a monitoring of wastewater a long term domestic wastewater irrigation to evaluate risks about this resource for agricultural terrains (Chung et al, 2008) Finally, these areas are considered areas of recharge for aquifers but the PAHs found in the water do not represent a risk for crops (toxicity by translocation) and soils (degradation). Despite the high contamination in Mexico City, wastewater use is adequate for crops although some work has shown that wastewater is a potential source of PAHs contamination (Escobedo et al, 2000;Chung et al, 2008).…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have indicated that vehicle exhausts are major sources of PAHs in soils along with increased use of wastewater for irrigation of crops. Soil contamination by PAHs is considered to be a good indicator of the level of environmental pollution by human activities (Chung et al, 2008). PAHs from soil and water are possibly dangerous to human health because plant root uptake can result in bioconcentration (Samsoe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City

Vega¹,

Ortiz²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2012

Fossil Fuel and the Environment

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Section: Watersupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City

Vega¹,

Ortiz²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2012

Fossil Fuel and the Environment

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“…The results for the concentration of PAHs found in earlier studies are very varied for plants irrigated with wastewater, from 0.0028 ng g -1 to 984 ng g -1 (Tao et al, 2004;Chung et al, 2008) depending on the crop, agronomic techniques and industrial influence. Al Nasir & Batarsech (2008) found a concentration of ΣPAH in pepper fruit of 31 ng g -1 , value some three times greater than the found in this study.…”

Section: Inorganic Contamination (Heavy Metals and As) In Water Soilmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In this study the use of wastewater has been limited to a year, and the water has undergone an exhaustive process of purification with primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. Chung et al (2008) carried out a one-year trial using PW with a total PAH concentration of 1.90 μg L -1 . They found a certain accumulation of PAH in the soil with final concentrations between 3.48 and 6.60 ng g -1 depending on the crop, values within the order of magnitude of this study (11.01 ng g -1 for GW and 10.12 ng g -1 in PW).…”

Section: Inorganic Contamination (Heavy Metals and As) In Water Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertigation with purified urban wastewater on soil and pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) production, fruit quality and pollutant contents

García‐Delgado¹,

Eymar²,

Contreras³

et al. 1970

Span. j. agric. res.

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The effects, in greenhouse conditions, of Purified Urban Wastewater (PW) from Almería (Spain), in the fertigation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on sandy mulch soil, were evaluated. Primary, secondary (active sludges) and tertiary (Chlorination + ozonation) purification treatments were applied to wastewater. Irrigation treatments applied were PW, natural Ground Water (GW), Fertilizer PW (FPW) and Fertilizer GW (FGW). The vegetal biomass, yield and fruit quality were controlled. Heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn), arsenic (As) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in water, soil, leaf, and fruit were analysed. The PW presented heavy metal, As and PAH contents acceptable for its use in drip irrigation. In the soil, fertigated with PW, the concentration of heavy metals and As did not increase, whilst the PAH concentration decreased. The PW treatment supplied enough nutrients to obtain yield and fruit quality equal to that of GW with fertilization. A significant saving on N, P and K fertilizers (37%, 66% and 12% respectively) was achieved by using PW. The Cd, Pb and As contents of the fruit did not show risk for human consumption. The total PAH concentrations in the fruit were low, the highest of which was phenathrene, with no carcinogenic signification.Additional key words: fertilizer savings; food safety; heavy metals; irrigation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); treated wastewater. ResumenEfectos de la fertirrigación con agua urbana regenerada sobre el suelo, la producción y calidad de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) y contenidos de contaminantes Se han evaluado los efectos de la utilización de un agua residual urbana purificada (PW) procedente de la ciudad de Almería (España) para la fertirrigación del cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en invernadero sobre enarenado. Al agua residual se le aplicó tratamiento de depuración primario, secundario (lodos activados) y terciario (cloración + ozonización). Los tratamientos de fertirrigación fueron: PW, agua natural de origen subterráneo (GW), agua residual urbana depurada con fertilización (FPW) y agua natural de origen subterráneo con fertilización (FGW). Se controlaron la biomasa vegetal, la producción y la calidad del fruto. En las aguas, suelos, hojas y frutos, se analizaron metales pesados (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn), arsenico (As) e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH). El PW se consideró apta para uso en riego localizado atendiendo a sus niveles de metales pesados, As y PAH. El tratamiento PW suministró nutrientes suficientes para obtener producción y calidad de pimiento iguales al tratamiento FGW. En suelo, no se observó acumulación de metales pesados ni As y disminuyeron las concentraciones de PAH. Se obtuvieron ahorros significativos de fertilizantes nitrogenados, fosfóricos y potasicos (37, 66 y 12% respectivamente) al utilizar PW. Los contenidos de metales pesados, As y PAH en el fruto no representaron riesgo para el consumo humano. En cuanto a PAH, la mayor concentración registrada fue de fenantreno, compuesto n...

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Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

Valipour

Singh

2016

Water Science and Technology Library

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The need for irrigated agriculture is growing day by day and the largest water withdrawals from renewable water resources are for irrigation. In addition, the available water resources are decreasing and we need to use non-conventional water resources for irrigation due to looming water crisis (Raschid-Sally and Jayakody, Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: results from a global assessment. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, 35p, (IWMI Research Report 127), 2008). However, the volume of treating and using wastewater is limited due to the lack of adequate data and knowledge and/or negative effects of improper wastewater management (i.e. use of untreated wastewater). A comprehensive evaluation of what has been done is necessary in order to explore wastewater irrigation and to avoid trial-and-error policies. Although a study of wastewater irrigation from crops, soil, groundwater, health, irrigation equipments, modern technologies, and other environmental aspects is useful, management studies in comparison with other aspects can help lead to more reliable and more extensive fi ndings and fi nally a better decision on using wastewater for irrigation. The chapter presents challenges and prospects that may help decision making for the use of wastewater in irrigation.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Crops After Irrigation of Wastewater Discharged from Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City

Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City

Effects of fertigation with purified urban wastewater on soil and pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) production, fruit quality and pollutant contents

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

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