Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Not Declining in Arctic Air Despite Global Emission Reduction

Yu, Yong; Katsoyiannis, Athanasios; Bohlin‐Nizzetto, Pernilla; Brorström-Lundén, Eva; Ma, Jianmin; Zhao, Yuan; Wu, Zhiyong; Tych, Włodek; Mindham, David; Sverko, Ed; Barresi, Enzo; Dryfhout-Clark, Helena; Fellin, Phil; Hung, Hayley

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b05353

Cited by 112 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…LRAT input, including secondary formation of the derivatives, was more evident in Adventdalen where town emissions influence is reduced. In contrast to the study by Yu et al (2019), no strong indication for LRAT biomass burning emissions was found for this set of air samples. 380…”

Section: Transect Ambient Samplescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…2), therefore the presence and diagnostic ratios (Table 3) of these compounds were used as markers of the PP source in the present work. In Yu et al (2019), coal combustion was identified as the main source (68% contribution) of PAHs, at the Zeppelin monitoring station at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, and 220…”

Section: Longyearbyen Power Plant Pah Emission Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade, human activities such as resource exploration, research, tourism, fisheries, and maritime 70 traffic have increased substantially due to warming and corresponding reduction of sea ice, opening up new shipping routes (Jörundsdóttir et al, 2014). Warming may also enhance volatilization of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs from ground surfaces (Friedman et al, 2014) and melting sea ice (Yu et al, 2019). Reactivity of PAHs in the gas phase is significantly greater than when associated with particles (Keyte et al, 2013), therefore increasing air temperatures can be expected to lead to increased levels of toxic nitro-and oxy-PAHs.…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for a comprehensive assessment of local contaminant sources in Svalbard was acknowledged and initiated in the international Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP); with the major focus on persistent organic pollutants (Pedersen et al, 2011), there is a scarcity of data on local sources of PAHs in Svalbard. A back-trajectory analysis of twenty years data for thee representative PAHs (Phe, Pyr, and BaPyr; see Table 1 for full names) suggested that Svalbard is impacted by air masses coming from eastern Russia, northern Europe, and northwest Russia during winter (Yu et al, 2019). 80…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of PAHs to the Arctic atmosphere, too (Yu et al (2019). This study focused on the main settlement in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, with a population of approximately 2300 inhabitants and a high level of (partially seasonal) human activities 85 (transport, coal mining, industry, tourism, and research).…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy- and nitro-PAHs in ambient air of Arctic town Longyearbyen, Svalbard

Drotikova¹,

Ali²,

Halse³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not declining in Arctic air despite reductions in their global emissions. In Svalbard, the Longyearbyen coal-fired power plant is considered to be one of the major local source of PAHs. Power plant stack emissions and ambient air samples, collected simultaneously 1 km (UNIS) and 6 km (Adventdalen) transect distance, were analyzed (gaseous and particulate phases separately) for 22 nitro-PAHs, 9 oxy-PAHs and 16 parent PAHs by GC/ECNI/MS and GC-MS/MS. Results confirm low level of PAH emissions (∑16 PAHs = 1.5 µg kg−1 coal) from the power plant. Phenathrene, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9-fluorenone, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene accounted for 85 % of the plant emission (not including naphthalene). A dilution effect was observed for the transect ambient air samples, 1.26 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.14 ng m−3 sum all 47 PAH derivatives for UNIS and Adventdalen, respectively. The PAH profile was homogeneous for these recipient stations with phenathrene and 9-fluorenone being most abundant. Principal component analysis, in combination with PAH diagnostic ratios and literature data on different source-specific markers, confirmed coal combustion, gasoline, and diesel traffic as the predominant sources of PAHs. Secondary atmospheric formation of 9-nitroanthracene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene was evaluated and concluded. Results also indicate that ambient PAH concentrations were affected by precipitation events, and specific humidity is an essential parameter influencing PAH scavenging from the air. The present study contributes important data which can be utilized to eliminate uncertainties in model predictions that aim to assess the extent and impacts of Arctic atmospheric contaminants.

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Section: Transect Ambient Samplescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Longyearbyen Power Plant Pah Emission Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy- and nitro-PAHs in ambient air of Arctic town Longyearbyen, Svalbard

Drotikova¹,

Ali²,

Halse³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Shift peaks of PAH-associated health risks from East Asia to South Asia and Africa in the future

Lou

Shrivastava

Ding

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), emitted from combustion of biofuels and fossil fuels, are toxic compounds and known to cause lung-cancer. Integrating a global atmospheric chemistry model and plausible future emissions trajectories, we assess how global PAHs and their associated lung cancer risk will likely change in the future. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is used as an indicator of cancer risk from PAH mixtures. From 2008 to 2050, the population-weighted global average BaP concentrations under all RCPs consistently exceeded the WHO-recommended limits, primarily attributed to residential biofuel use. In developing regions of Africa and South Asia, PAH-associated lung-cancer risk increased by 30-64% from 2008 to 2050, due to increasing use of traditional biofuels with population growth. With the stringent air quality policy, PAH lung-cancer risk substantially decreases by ˜80% in developed countries. Climate change is likely to have minor effects on PAH lung-cancer risk compared with the impact of emissions.

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Priority Organic Pollutants and Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds in Arctic Marine Sediments (Svalbard Islands, Norway)

Spataro

Rauseo

Pescatore

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study investigated the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds (PEDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and its monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and diethoxylate precursors in marine sediments in an Arctic fjord (Svalbard, Norway). The contribution of different local sources of contamination was also evaluated, together with a risk assessment for the marine environment. Samples were collected during two consecutive summer seasons (2018 and 2019), and target contaminants were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS. The results showed no statistical differences between total PAH concentrations measured in 2018 (mean value 53.7 ± 54.3 ng/g) and 2019 (mean value 58.1 ± 63.6 ng/g). Low-ring (three or four rings) PAHs were the most abundant congeners, and single PAH ratios indicated a predominance of petrogenic sources (i.e., coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion). Nonylphenols and BPA showed a significant decrease in 2019 compared to 2018; 4-NP and NP1EO prevailed in both years, particularly in sediments close to the Ny-Ålesund research village. Overall, the results indicate that local anthropic activities are the major source of contamination in the Kongsfjorden ecosystem, but also melting waters from glaciers in the summer season can play an important role as a secondary source of pollutants previously trapped in ice. Comparison between our data and empirical and mechanistic indices derived from sediment quality guidelines suggests that the occurrence of PAHs and PEDCs in sediments does not currently pose a risk for this Arctic ecosystem, but further investigation is needed on the spread of hazardous contaminants and their effects on these fragile environments.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Not Declining in Arctic Air Despite Global Emission Reduction

Cited by 112 publications

References 42 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy- and nitro-PAHs in ambient air of Arctic town Longyearbyen, Svalbard

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy- and nitro-PAHs in ambient air of Arctic town Longyearbyen, Svalbard

Shift peaks of PAH-associated health risks from East Asia to South Asia and Africa in the future

Priority Organic Pollutants and Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds in Arctic Marine Sediments (Svalbard Islands, Norway)

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