Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in cigarette smoke cause bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model

Lee, L.L.; Lee, J.S.C.; Waldman, Stephen D.; Casper, Robert F.; Grynpas, Marc D.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00726-3

Cited by 87 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is contradictory to our findings that clearly show a positive correlation between increasing ROS levels and cell damage in primary human osteoblasts, suggesting bone loss in vivo. This is supported by several publications, investigating the effect of cigarette smoke on bone mineral density and fracture healing in rodents [3,4,6,7,13,44,45] that clearly show a negative effect of cigarette smoking on bone. Our results suggest a direct toxic effect of cigarette smoke on the bone-forming osteoblasts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Our data show that CSM induces osteoblast damage alongside with an increase in ROS formation that was already seen after a 15 min treatment with CSM. This is supported by several publications, suggesting a positive correlation between increased oxidative stress and cell death in osteoblasts, influencing fracture healing, bone regeneration, and bone mineral density [3,4,6,7,13,44,45]. This emphasizes the need for new treatment strategies to reduce oxidative stress in patients, e.g., smokers that are reported to have strongly elevated oxidative stress levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Green tea protects human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced injury: possible clinical implication

Holzer

Braun

Ehnert

et al. 2011

Langenbecks Arch Surg

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Green tea protects human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced injury: possible clinical implication

Holzer

Braun

Ehnert

et al. 2011

Langenbecks Arch Surg

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“…OVX also causes a reduction in BMD, bending strength of the femur and compressive strength of the vertebral bodies. Our results concerning biochemical markers of bone turnover, bone strength and histomorphometry in the OVX rats are therefore consistent with published studies of this model [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Administration of SCH 57068 to the OVX-treated animals in our experiment appeared to markedly reduce the increase in overall bone turnover induced by OVX.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The selective estrogen receptor modulator SCH 57068 prevents bone loss, reduces serum cholesterol and blocks estrogen-induced uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats

Goss

Cheung

et al. 2004

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Our objective was to determine the effects of SCH 57068 alone and with 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) on bone, lipids and uteri in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In OVX animals lumbar vertebral and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly higher after 12 weeks of treatment with SCH 57068 than in untreated OVX controls. Similarly BMD was superior in OVX + E 2 + SCH 57068 treated animals than in OVX + E 2 controls. SCH 57068 also significantly reduced the increase in bone turnover markers, serum pyridinoline and serum osteocalcin levels, induced by OVX, and increased mechanical bone strength. SCH 57068 also significantly reduced the rise in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by OVX. SCH 57068 had no stimulatory effect on uterine epithelium when given alone in OVX rats. SCH 57068 (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) reduced uterine weight and blocked endometrial stimulation induced by E 2 . In summary, SCH 57068 adds to the positive effects of E 2 on bone and lipid metabolism but blocks the stimulatory effects of E 2 on the uterus. Potentially, E 2 + SCH 57068 could be combined for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer or as a novel hormone replacement therapy.

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“…Smoking has also been shown previously to increase the levels of adrenal androgens, namely androstenedione and DHEAS, as well as to have an anti-oestrogenic effect which could contribute to the lower bone mineral density. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, present in cigarette smoke, cause bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model (115).…”

Section: Parathyroid Hormone (Pth) and Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and hormones in health and endocrine disorders

Kapoor¹,

Jones²

2005

eur j endocrinol

225

178

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Smoking has multiple effects on hormone secretion, some of which are associated with important clinical implications. These effects are mainly mediated by the pharmacological action of nicotine and also by toxins such as thiocyanate. Smoking affects pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testicular and ovarian function, calcium metabolism and the action of insulin. The major salient clinical effects are the increased risk and severity of Graves' hyperthyroidism and opthalmopathy, osteoporosis and reduced fertility. Smoking also contributes to the development of insulin resistance and hence type 2 diabetes mellitus. An important concern is also the effect of smoking on the foetus and young children. Passive transfer of thiocyanate can cause disturbance of thyroid size and function. Furthermore, maternal smoking causes increased catecholamine production, which may contribute to under perfusion of the foetoplacental unit.European Journal of Endocrinology 152 491-499

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in cigarette smoke cause bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Green tea protects human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced injury: possible clinical implication

Green tea protects human osteoblasts from cigarette smoke-induced injury: possible clinical implication

The selective estrogen receptor modulator SCH 57068 prevents bone loss, reduces serum cholesterol and blocks estrogen-induced uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats

Smoking and hormones in health and endocrine disorders

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