Polycyclovorans algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., an Aromatic-Hydrocarbon-Degrading Marine Bacterium Found Associated with Laboratory Cultures of Marine Phytoplankton

Abstract

f A strictly aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain TG408, was isolated from a laboratory culture of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum (CCAP1077/1C) by enrichment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the sole carbon source. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed this organism within the order Xanthomonadales of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Its closest relatives included representatives of the Hydrocarboniphaga-Nevskia-Sinobacter clade (<92% sequence similarity) in the family Sinobacteraceae. The strain exhibited a narrow nutritional spectrum, preferring to utilize aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and small organic acids. Notably, it displayed versatility in degrading two-and three-ring PAHs. Moreover, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected in lysates, indicating that this strain utilizes the metacleavage pathway for aromatic compound degradation. Cells produced surface blebs and contained a single polar flagellum. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain TG408 was Q-8, and the dominant fatty acids were C 16:0 , C 16:1 7c, and C 18:1 7c. The G؉C content of the isolate's DNA was 64.3 mol% ؎ 0.34 mol%. On the basis of distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain TG408 represents a novel genus and species in the class Gammaproteobacteria for which the name Polycyclovorans algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. Quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of this strain were developed and used to show that this organism is found associated with other species of marine phytoplankton. Phytoplankton may be a natural biotope in the ocean where new species of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria await discovery and which contribute significantly to natural remediation processes.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation of Phytoplankton-Associated Arenibacter spp. and Description of Arenibacter algicola sp. nov., an Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium

“…Whether through biogenic synthesis or adsorption from the surrounding seawater, the phycosphere of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton may be regarded as a hot spot to which hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are associated. This concept is supported by our recent discovery of several novel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton (6)(7)(8). Notably, these bacteria conferred the ability to utilize PAHs as sole sources of carbon and energy and exhibited a nutritional preference for hy- drocarbons over other carbon substrates.…”

“…T (6) and Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus strain MCTG13d T (7) were both isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum CCAP1121/2, whereas Polycyclovorans algicola strain TG408 T was isolated from the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum CCAP1077/1C (8). These organisms all represent novel "specialist" hydrocarbon degraders; i.e., they exhibit an almost exclusive requirement for hydrocarbons as their preferred carbon and energy source.…”

Bioremediation of Bisphenol-A Polluted Soil by <i>Sphingomonas bisphenolicum</i> AO1 and the Microbial Community Existing in the Soil

“…It was also suggested that Xanthomonadales and Pseudomonadales in the soil exhibited weaker BPA degrading activity than strain AO1. Indeed, some bacter i a l s t r a i n s , b e l o n g i n g t o X a n t h o m o n a d a l e s , Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, Caulobacterales and Enterobacteriaceae, have already been reported as degradative bacterium against aromatic compounds, phenolic compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Ammar et al, 2005Chatterjee and Bourquin, 1987Gutierrez et al, 2013Haritash and Kaushik, 2009O Sullivan and Mahenthiralingam, 2005 Furthermore, our results indicated that BPA purification by strain AO1 and the soil bacteria improved or re s t o re d t h e b a c t e r i a l d i v e r s i t y, f o r e x a m p l e , Be taproteobacteria, except Burkholderiales, were reduced in BPA polluted soil after 7 days without strain AO1 but were restored at day 50, and unclassified bacteria were also reduced after 7 days in the BPA polluted soil with strain AO1 but were restored at day 14 FIG.5 . It was also observed that strain AO1 was only detectable in the BPA polluted soil but not in the purified soil, based upon the Southern hybridization method using the bisdB gene probe data not shown , which encoded a BPA degradation enzyme in strain AO1 Sasaki et al, 2008 , suggesting that strain AO1 might not lead to a heavy burden in the soil environment.…”

“…This study was supported in part by the MEXT-Supported Programs for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private University 2008-2012and 2013-2018 …”

Gelatiniphilus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium from the culture broth of a microalga, Picochlorum sp. 122, and emended description of the genus Hwangdonia

“…To date, numerous novel bacteria have been isolated from marine microalgae environments (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2003;Gutierrez et al, 2012Gutierrez et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2013). In this study, a polyphasic taxonomic analysis was performed on strain GYP-24 T , which was isolated from the culture broth of a marine microalga, Picochlorum sp.…”