Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Special Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations for Children

Kamangar, Faranak; Okhovat, Batool; Schmidt, Timothy H.; Beshay, B S Abram; Pasch, Lauri A.; Cedars, Marcelle I.; Huddleston, Heather G.; Shinkai, Kanade

doi:10.1111/pde.12566

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In fact, according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of PCOS in adolescents varies between a minimum of 3% (Hashemipour et al, 2004 ) and a maximum of 26% (Driscoll, 2003 ). However, the prevalence of the disease in children is still considered unknown (Kamangar et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview

et al. 2016

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Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. Women suffering from PCOS present with a constellation of symptoms associated with menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess, which significantly impacts their quality of life. They may be at increased risk of multiple morbidities, including obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), infertility, cancer, and psychological disorders. This review summarizes what the literature has so far provided from guidelines to diagnosis of PCOS. It will also present a general overview about the morbidities associated with this disease, specifically with its more severe classic form. Finally, the review will stress on the various aspects of treatment and screening recommendations currently used in the management of this condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview

et al. 2016

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“…16 Diagnosis of PCOS before or during adolescence has therefore proven difficult, and as a result, the estimated prevalence of PCOS in adolescent girls is uncertain. 17 In theory, early identification of girls at risk of developing PCOS would be useful because it could facilitate interventions to prevent or ameliorate symptoms. For example, lifestyle modifications aimed at weight reduction, improved cardiovascular fitness and insulin resistance, or better nutrition, all diminish PCOS symptomology in adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anogenital distance in newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome indicates fetal testosterone exposure

Barrett

Hoeger

Sathyanarayana

et al. 2018

J Dev Orig Health Dis

117

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects ~7% of reproductive age women. Although its etiology is unknown, in animals, excess prenatal testosterone (T) exposure induces PCOS-like phenotypes. While measuring fetal T in humans is infeasible, demonstrating in utero androgen exposure using a reliable newborn biomarker, anogenital distance (AGD), would provide evidence for a fetal origin of PCOS and potentially identify girls at risk. Using data from a pregnancy cohort (The Infant Development and Environment Study), we tested the novel hypothesis that infant girls born to women with PCOS have longer AGD, suggesting higher fetal T exposure, than girls born to women without PCOS. During pregnancy, women reported whether they ever had a PCOS diagnosis. After birth, infant girls underwent two AGD measurements: anofourchette distance (AGD-AF) and anoclitoral distance (AGD-AC). We fit adjusted linear regression models to examine the association between maternal PCOS and girls' AGD. In total, 300 mother-daughter dyads had complete data and 23 mothers reported PCOS. AGD was longer in the daughters of women with a PCOS diagnosis compared with daughters of women with no diagnosis (AGD-AF: β=1.21, P=0.05; AGD-AC: β=1.05, P=0.18). Results were stronger in analyses limited to term births (AGD-AF: β=1.65, P=0.02; AGD-AC: β=1.43, P=0.09). Our study is the first to examine AGD in offspring of women with PCOS. Our results are consistent with findings that women with PCOS have longer AGD and suggest that during PCOS pregnancies, daughters may experience elevated T exposure. Identifying the underlying causes of PCOS may facilitate early identification and intervention for those at risk.

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“…whilst the prevalence rate is 10% when using NIH criteria for diagnosis criteria [3] but the prevalence is still unknown in children [2] [4]. Three different criteria have been implemented for the diagnosis of PCOS: the NIH criteria (1990), the Rotterdam criteria (2003) and the Androgen and PCOS society (AE-PCOS) criteria (2006) [5] [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Plasma Homocysteine in PCOS Women: A Review

Maharjan¹,

Hong²

2018

OJOG

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Homocysteine is an intermediate substance formed during the breakdown of the amino acid methionine and may undergo remethylation to methionine or trans-sulfuration to cystathionine or cysteine. The metabolism occurs via two pathways: remethylation to methionine, which requires folate and vitamin B12; and transsulfuration to cystathionine, which requires pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. The disturbances in the metabolic pathways lead to the accumulation of Hcy, either by insufficient transsulfuration (through CBS mutations or vitamin B6 deficiency) or by a blockage of remethylation. In the latter case, folate or vitamin B12 deficiency may be involved, as well as MTHFR. High levels of Hcy induce sustained injury of arterial endothelial cells, proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells and enhance activity of key participants in vascular inflammation, atherogenesis, and vulnerability of the established atherosclerotic plaque. Hyperhomocysteinemia has become the topic of interest in recent years. It has been highly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disorders, such as, atherosclerosis, thromboembolism and dyslipidemia. Women with PCOS show constellation of metabolic syndromes. Obesity, hyperandrogenemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus is the hallmark of PCOS which later becomes the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Various studies had revealed the presence of increased Hcy level in PCOS women which may or may not be associated with other biochemical parameters. Intense treatment for PCOS can influence homocysteine levels.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Special Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations for Children

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview

Anogenital distance in newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome indicates fetal testosterone exposure

The Effects of Plasma Homocysteine in PCOS Women: A Review

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