Polydextrose with and without Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 drives the prevalence of Akkermansia and improves liver health in a multi-compartmental obesogenic mice study

Abstract

The past two decades of research have raised gut microbiota composition as a contributing factor to the development of obesity, and higher abundance of certain bacterial species has been linked to the lean phenotype, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. The ability of pre- and probiotics to affect metabolic health could be via microbial community alterations and subsequently changes in metabolite profiles, modulating for example host energy balance via complex signaling pathways. The aim of this mice study was to determine how administration of a prebiotic fiber, polydextrose (PDX) and a probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420), during high fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) affects microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, and metabolite levels in gut and liver. In this study C57Bl/6J mice (N = 200) were split in five treatments and daily gavaged: 1) Normal control (NC); 2) HFD; 3) HFD + PDX; 4) HFD + B420 or 5) HFD + PDX + B420 (HFD+S). At six weeks of treatment intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and feces were collected at weeks 0, 3, 6 and 9. At end of the intervention, ileum and colon mucosa, adipose tissue and liver samples were collected. The microbiota composition in fecal, ileum, colon and adipose tissue was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, fecal and liver metabolomics were performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that HFD+PDX intervention reduced body weight gain and hepatic fat compared to HFD. Sequencing the mice adipose tissue (MAT) identified Akkermansia and its prevalence was increased in HFD+S group. Furthermore, by the inclusion of PDX, fecal, lleum and colon levels of Akkermansia were increased and liver health was improved as the detoxification capacity and levels of methyl-donors were increased. These new results demonstrate how PDX and B420 can affect the interactions between gut, liver and adipose tissue.

Christensenella regulated by Huang-Qi-Ling-Hua-San is a key factor by which to improve type 2 diabetes

“…In an NMR study of the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on liver health in obesogenic mice, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 administration was found to significantly regulate the hepatic levels of betaine, taurine, and choline ( Yde et al, 2021 ). In our work, Christensenella regulates mRNA expressions of G6PC and PEPCK in liver, levels of hepatic glycogen, and blood glucose and lipid.…”

NMR foodomics in the assessment of diet and effects beyond nutrients

“…Later NMR foodomics studies have subsequently substantiated the potential of inulin to stimulate SCFAs production in the gut where inclusion of inulin in both general diets and in a yogurt matrix has been shown to increase SCFAs production [24 ▪ ,25 ▪ ]. In addition, NMR foodomics has also contributed to document how inclusion of other dietary ingredients or components such as dietary fiber [26], polysaccharides [27,28], polydextrose [29 ▪ ], anthocyanins [30 ▪ ] and chick pea extract [31 ▪ ] stimulate metabolic activity in the gut (Table 1).…”

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications

“…After 12 weeks, it was found that the sexual hormone binding protein in the test group was increased, the hirsutism score was reduced by R, insulin sensitivity was increased, and the lipoprotein was reduced, indicating that the intervention treatment of probiotics had a certain effect on PCOS patients. In the dietinduced model of diabetes and obese mice, B. lactis B420 strain has been proved to help improve insulin resistance and reduce fat content (Yde et al, 2021). It has been found in clinical studies that the use of B. lactis can improve the sex hormone level of PCOS patients.…”