Polydopamine-Decorated Microcomposites Promote Functional Recovery of an Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation

Abstract

Neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury usually aggravates spinal cord damage. Many inflammatory cytokines are key players in neuroinflammation. Owing largely to the multiplicity of cytokine targets and the complexity of cytokine interactions, it is insufficient to suppress spinal cord damage progression by regulating only one or a few cytokines. Herein, we propose a two-pronged strategy to simultaneously capture the released cytokines and inhibit the synthesis of new ones in a broad-spectrum manner. To achieve this strategy, we designed a core/shell-structured microcomposite, which was composed of a methylprednisolone-incorporated polymer inner core and a biocompatible polydopamine outer shell. Thanks to the inherent adhesive nature of polydopamine, the obtained microcomposite (MP-PLGA@PDA) efficiently neutralized the excessive cytokines in a broad-spectrum manner within 1 day after spinal cord injury. Meanwhile, the controlled release of immunosuppressive methylprednisolone reduced the secretion of new inflammatory cytokines. Benefiting from its efficient and broad-spectrum capability in reducing the level of cytokines, this core/shell-structured microcomposite suppressed the recruitment of macrophages and protected the injured spinal cord, leading to an improved recovery of motor function. Overall, the designed microcomposite successfully achieved the two-pronged strategy in cytokine neutralization, providing an alternative approach to inhibit neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord.

Regulation of Microglia-Activation-Mediated Neuroinflammation to Ameliorate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the STAT5-NF-κB Pathway in Ischemic Stroke

“…We used the Luminex liquid suspension chip from Wayen Biotechnologies (Shanghai, China), and monitored the concentration of cytokine in cellular supernatant with the Bio-Plex Mouse Panel 23-plex Cytokine kit [ 26 ]. In brief, 50 μL samples or standard substance were added to 96-well plates and incubated for 30 min in room temperature away from light; then, we added 25 μL of diluted detection antibody and incubated the mixture for 30 min as before.…”

Polydopamine nanocomposites and their biomedical applications: A review

“…The core‐shell micro composite reduced macrophage recruitment and shielded the damaged spinal cord, resulting in better motor function rehabilitation. Overall, the developed micro composite accomplished the two‐pronged cytokine neutralization method well, giving an alternate technique to control neuroinflammation in the damaged spinal cord 100 …”

“…Role of polydopamine nanocomposites in Bacterial infection (A) 87 ; Wound healing (B) 91 ; Neuronal treatment (C) 100 . NIR, near‐infrared; PDA NP, polydopamine nanoparticle…”

Regulation Microglia Activation Mediated Neuroinflammation to Ameliorate Ischemia-reperfusion Injury via STAT5-NF-κB Pathway in Ischemic Stroke

“…Wayen Biotechnologies (Shanghai, China) performed the Luminex liquid suspension chip, and monitored the concentration of cytokine in cellular supernatant with the Bio-Plex Mouse Panel 23-plex Cytokine kit (Wei et al, 2021). In brief, 50 μL samples or standard substance were added into 96-well plates, and incubated for 30 mins in room temperature and away from light, then added 25 μL diluted detection antibody and incubated for 30 mins as before, next added 50 μL diluted streptavidin-PE and incubated for 10 mins.…”