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With the escalating global demand for electric vehicles and sustainable energy solutions, increasing focus is placed on developing electrochemical systems that offer fast charging and high‐power output, primarily governed by mass transport. Accordingly, porous carbons have emerged as highly promising electrochemically active or supporting materials due to expansive surface areas, tunable pore structures, and superior electrical conductivity, accelerating surface reaction. Yet, while substantial research has been devoted to crafting various porous carbons to increase specific surface areas, the optimal utilization of the surfaces remains underexplored. This review emphasizes the critical role of the fluid dynamics within multiscale porous carbonaceous electrodes, leading to substantially enhanced pore utilization in electrochemical systems. It elaborates on strategies of using sacrificial templates for incorporating meso/macropores into microporous carbon matrix, while exploiting the unique properties of polyphenol moieties such as sustainable carbons derived from biomass, inherent adhesive/cohesive interactions with template materials, and facile complexation capabilities with diverse materials, thereby enabling adaptive structural modulations. Furthermore, it explores how multiscale pore configurations influence pore‐utilization efficiency, demonstrating advantages of incorporating multiscale pores. Finally, synergistic impact on the high‐power electrochemical systems is examined, attributed to improved fluid‐dynamic behavior within the carbonaceous frameworks, providing insights for advancing next‐generation high‐power electrochemical applications.
With the escalating global demand for electric vehicles and sustainable energy solutions, increasing focus is placed on developing electrochemical systems that offer fast charging and high‐power output, primarily governed by mass transport. Accordingly, porous carbons have emerged as highly promising electrochemically active or supporting materials due to expansive surface areas, tunable pore structures, and superior electrical conductivity, accelerating surface reaction. Yet, while substantial research has been devoted to crafting various porous carbons to increase specific surface areas, the optimal utilization of the surfaces remains underexplored. This review emphasizes the critical role of the fluid dynamics within multiscale porous carbonaceous electrodes, leading to substantially enhanced pore utilization in electrochemical systems. It elaborates on strategies of using sacrificial templates for incorporating meso/macropores into microporous carbon matrix, while exploiting the unique properties of polyphenol moieties such as sustainable carbons derived from biomass, inherent adhesive/cohesive interactions with template materials, and facile complexation capabilities with diverse materials, thereby enabling adaptive structural modulations. Furthermore, it explores how multiscale pore configurations influence pore‐utilization efficiency, demonstrating advantages of incorporating multiscale pores. Finally, synergistic impact on the high‐power electrochemical systems is examined, attributed to improved fluid‐dynamic behavior within the carbonaceous frameworks, providing insights for advancing next‐generation high‐power electrochemical applications.
Recently, due to its flexibility and ease of integration into wearable electronics, interest in fiber‐shaped batteries (FSBs) is burgeoning. While there is much research focused on improving the electrochemical performance of FSBs, little work is done to evaluate the safety and comfort of integrated FSBs for wearable electronics, which will significantly hinder the further development of high‐performance FSBs and their commercialization. In this review, the design, integration, and evaluation of FSBs incorporated in common textiles are fully discussed. Traditional textile characterization techniques and modern methods to evaluate its durability are also summarized. Finally, in view of developing commercial wearable battery textiles, a perspective toward improving the design of high‐performance FSB is presented.
In response to the growing global demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles, there is an escalating interest in developing advanced battery technologies with superior energy density. Research efforts are focused on unveiling post‐lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) that outperform the performance of current LIBs through the use of innovative active electrode materials. Yet, these technological advancements face significant hurdles, primarily due to intricate interfacial issues within battery components. In laboratory‐scale studies, these challenges often lead to the utilization of excess electrolytes, which complicates the precise evaluation of battery performance. This review emphasizes the significance of designing future batteries that operate effectively under lean electrolyte usage conditions. It discusses essential principles, obstacles, and diverse strategies for interfacial modification, including in situ growth, coating of supportive layers, and embedding of active substances in pre‐structured templates. Furthermore, it compiles and examines data on the lean electrolyte conditions achieved in various battery systems, contrasting their energy densities with those of commercially established batteries. Ultimately, the potential of future batteries to achieve or even exceed the energy densities of existing commercial batteries is assessed, thereby offering a strategic roadmap for the progression of next‐generation battery technologies.
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