Polydrug Addiction: Multidisciplinary Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Organizational and Legal, and Technological Study of Factors of Formation and Development

Abstract

Multidisciplinary forensic and pharmaceutical, organizational and legal, and technological study of alcohol-containing liquids as factors in the formation and development of polydrug addiction among the public population of Ukraine was conducted. Determined that the combined intake of several psychoactive substances leads to the formation and development of new variants of polydrug addiction. Noted that among psychoactive substances, the main factors in the formation and development of polydrug addiction are liquids containing ethyl alcohol. Classification and stages of circulation of psychoactive alcohol-containing liquids were proposed. The formation and development of polydrug addiction because of the combined use of psychoactive alcohol-containing liquids in the order of increasing strength was systematized. The factors of the development and spread of polydrug addiction from the position of forensic pharmacy, organization and management of pharmacy, drug technology, marketing, management, health care, and narcology were provided. Focused attention that among the factors of the formation and development of polydrug addiction, the combined, consecutive, or simultaneous use of psychoactive substances of different classification and legal groups (psychoactive substances in the composition of medicines, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, etc.) and psychoactive alcohol-containing liquids (alcoholic drinks of I and III levels of ethanol strength; psychoactive alcohol drugs of I-III levels of ethanol strength).

Interdisciplinary Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Organizational and Legal, Clinical and Pharmacological Study of Abuse of Psychoactive Substances

“…They lead to the formation and development of polydrug addiction and comorbid disorders in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 681 dated September 21, 2009 "On the approval of clinical protocols for the provision of medical care in the specialty "Narcology" [12,27,45,46,[48][49][50]85]. Code F10 according to the ICD-10 includes 46 headings (Table 2).…”

“…➢ the orientation of the motivational sphere has the opposite direction compared to the generally accepted one for ordinary teenagers (satisfaction, thanks, awards, praise); ➢ a source of positive emotions, that is, ordinary teenagers see this in their activities; ➢ it is necessary to predict the results of their activities, that is, ordinary minors believe that it is necessary to analyze the consequences of their actions and take responsibility for their actions. Forensic pharmaceutical studies indicate that minors begin to use psychoactive substances [12][13][14]53]: at 9 years oldmainly energy drinks, which can be easily bought; at the age of 12-13the first attempt to use narcotics (marijuana); at 13-15 years oldthey use amphetamines. The absolute majority of drug addicts start using psychoactive substances as early as adolescence [54].…”

Фальсифікований Алкоголь: Судово-Фармацевтичні, Судово-Наркологічні, Судово-Медичні Наслідки Для Життя Та Здоров’я Громадянина

“…[10][11][12][13][14]. Наслідки -погіршення якості і тривалості життя найбільш працездатної частини населення, скоєння злочинів у стані алкогольного сп'яніння (крадіжки, грабежі, розбійні напади, вбивства, зґвалтування, дорожньо-транспортними пригодами, відмивання коштів, хуліганства, нанесення тілесних ушкоджень різного ступеня тяжкості тощо), інвалідизація, летальних випадки [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Interdisciplinary Forensic and Pharmaceutical Study of Illegal Circulation of Falsified Alcoholic Beverages to Combat Crime and Prevent Public Health Disorders

“…department of the Department of Health of the State Administration of Ukraine in Kharkiv region (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019), the reasons and conditions that caused the formation of alcohol addiction and polydrug addiction among young people and the able-bodied part of the population as a result of illegal circulation of counterfeit alcoholic beverages [4,6,7,8,10,12,14,[16][17][18][19][22][23][24][25].…”

“…In EU countries, emergency calls about domestic violence, the risk factor of which is the harmful use of alcohol, have increased by 60%. There is also a risk that COVID-19 will cause an increase in problem drinking in the medium term, given that binge drinking is common after traumatic events in response to high levels of stress [10,14,18,19,43,44].…”