Polyelectrolyte complexes: A review of their applicability in drug delivery technology

Lankalapalli, S; Kolapalli, Venkata Ramana Murthy

doi:10.4103/0250-474x.58165

Cited by 264 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Common examples include delivery vehicles for gene therapy and oral vaccination [3][4][5][6], neurofilament association [7], membrane support for filtration processes [8,9], functional coatings [10], and highly-ordered macromolecular structures for water treatment and mining [11][12][13]. A major focus of previous investigations has been on the physicochemical nature of the complex-forming polyelectrolytes (PEs) and environmental conditions that control the structural and topological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation

Kanduč

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The association between polyelectrolytes (PEs) of the same size but opposite charge is systematically studied in terms of the potential of mean force (PMF) along their center-of-mass reaction coordinate via coarse-grained, implicit-solvent, explicit-salt computer simulations. The focus is set on the onset and the intermediate, transient stages of complexation. At conditions above the counterion-condensation threshold, the PE association process exhibits a distinct sliding-rod-like behavior where the polymer chains approach each other by first stretching out at a critical distance close to their contour length, then 'shaking hand' and sliding along each other in a parallel fashion, before eventually folding into a neutral complex. The essential part of the PMF for highly charged PEs can be very well described by a simple theory based on sliding charged 'Debye-Hückel' rods with renormalized charges in addition to an explicit entropy contribution owing to the release of condensed counterions. Interestingly, at the onset of complex formation, the mean force between the PE chains is found to be discontinuous, reflecting a bimodal structural behavior that arises from the coexistence of interconnected-rod and isolated-coil states. These two microstates of the PE complex are balanced by subtle counterion release effects and separated by a free-energy barrier due to unfavorable stretching entropy.1 arXiv:1602.06547v1 [cond-mat.soft]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation

Kanduč

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Bionanoparticles consisting of protein molecules immobilised on/or trapped within, colloids offer a great potentiality of applications in biotechnology and biomedicine as drug delivery systems [1,2] . Colloids obtained by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) are quite attractive because they result from the mixing of two aqueous solutions of oppositely charged polymers without any potentially toxic organic solvents nor chemical cross-linkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration of targeted nanodelivery systems based on colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of chitosan (CH)-dextran sulphate (DS)

Polexe

Terrat²,

Verrier

et al. 2013

European Journal of Nanomedicine

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This work reports the first drug nanodelivery system based on polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) between chitosan (CH) and dextran sulphate (DS), stable in physiological media surface and functionalised by antibodies for drug targeting. The formation of colloidal PECs occurred at room temperature, under moderate stirring, by mixing two water solutions of the polysaccharides, which makes this process attractive for safety and environmental reasons and also for the incorporation of labile molecules. The polymer interactions were characterized by thermal analysis and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The resulting particles had a spherical shape with a controlled size distribution (350 -590 nm, PI = 0.1) and displayed a positive surface charge. They remained stable for 1 month in physiological conditions (PBS pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl or acidic conditions: 0.1 M citric acid, pH 5. In PBS, the model drug (tenofovir) was quantitatively encapsulated. The antibody sorption onto the PECs was carried out in the buffers used for the particles formulation. We reported that the sorption capacity increased with particles at lower concentration ( < 0.1 wt%). Furthermore, the adsorbed antibodies remained bioactivities, as shown by ELISA, confirming that this formulation is very promising for the development of new delivery systems.

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“…The formation of a PEC requires only polycationic and polyanionic polymers without catalysts or initiators, and the reaction is generally performed in aqueous solution, which is the main advantage over covalently cross-linked polymeric networks. Therefore PEC offers biocompatibility and avoids the purification step to minimize the toxicity associated with the unreacted covalent cross-linking agents before administration (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The electrostatic attraction between the amino groups of CH and the carboxylic-sulfate groups of anionic polymers is the main interaction leading to the formation of the PEC (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrostatic attraction between the amino groups of CH and the carboxylic-sulfate groups of anionic polymers is the main interaction leading to the formation of the PEC (7). PECs can be cross-linked by the addition of ions to form ionically cross-linked systems, for instance, calcium ions can be added to alginate (8), and pectin (9) and aluminum ions can be added to carboxymethylcellulose (4). Chitosanbased PECs are well-tolerated systems and can be used in various applications such as drug delivery systems (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Formulation Variables on Dissolution of Water-Soluble Drug from Polyelectrolyte Complex Beads

Saleem¹,

Kotadia²,

Kulkarni³

2012

Dissolution Technol.

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This study was planned to develop chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) beads for the prolonged release of the water-soluble drug, verapamil HCl (VPL). The PEC beads were prepared by an ionic gelation method using positively charged chitosan (CH) and negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), and k-carrageenan (CAR). The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and PEC formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Gel beads were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, swelling behavior, and in vitro release. The SEM study confirmed that spherical or disc-shaped beads were formed by changing the counterion and pH of the coagulation medium. DSC and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the PEC formation. The mean particle size was 556-896 µm, and drug entrapment efficiency was more than 80%. The beads showed pH-sensitive swelling with less swelling in hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2) and more swelling in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The in vitro release of VPL was very slow in HCl buffer as compared with phosphate buffer. The concentration of chitosan, anionic polymers, and the pH of the coagulation medium significantly affected the size, entrapment efficacy, swelling, and release pattern of PEC beads.

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Polyelectrolyte complexes: A review of their applicability in drug delivery technology

Cited by 264 publications

References 38 publications

Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation

Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation

Elaboration of targeted nanodelivery systems based on colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of chitosan (CH)-dextran sulphate (DS)

Effect of Formulation Variables on Dissolution of Water-Soluble Drug from Polyelectrolyte Complex Beads

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