Polyester Fibers

Abstract

Polyester fiber is the largest volume, most versatile synthetic fiber in the world. Useful textile fibers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were invented in the 1940s and commercially introduced by Du Pont and ICI in the 1950s. A broad range of PET processing options allows the fiber to be engineered for a variety of uses by modifying the filament size, cross‐sectional shape, polymer molecular weight, tensile strength, composition, dyeability, luster, and color, as well as other fiber properties. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is produced by ester interchange of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol to form a monomer, or by direct esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol to form an oligomer. The low molecular weight monomer or oligomer is polycondensed at high temperature and reduced pressure to form a PET polymer. Polyester is melt‐spun over a wide range of spinning speeds depending on the desired use. The mechanical and thermal properties of PET fiber are affected by the degree of molecular orientation and crystallinity, which depend on the fiber formation process used. At low spinning speeds, fibers are usually further drawn to obtain useful tensile properties. At high spinning speeds, useful PET yarns can be obtained directly. Additional processing steps, including drawing, thermal treatment, texturing, and others, significantly influence the fiber physical properties and applications.

Accumulation of gas-phase methamphetamine on clothing, toy fabrics, and skin oil

“…Taken together, cotton should strongly sorb polar species like methamphetamine. Polyester is comprised of less polar, less hygroscopic, ester groups (Hansen and Atwood, ). While there were significant differences in partition coefficients among fabric types, relative humidity had a very small (or negligible) effect on the partition coefficient for individual materials.…”

Effect of solvent on properties of solution‐cast dense SPPO films

“…Table I shows the list of solvents considered for dissolution of the polymer along with their solubility parameters 24. Out of the 10 solvents considered, only 5 could dissolve the polymer.…”

The roles of elevated temperature and carriers in the dyeing of polyester fibres using disperse dyes: Part 1 fundamental aspects

“…For accounts of the manufacture and processing of polyester fibres, see 120,131,[147][148][149][150][151][152][153] of which the text edited by Brunnschweiler and Hearle 119 provides an excellent, detailed account.…”

“…T A B L E 9 Some properties of different types of polyester fibre/polymer 126,153,[639][640][641][642][643] Fibre/ polymer From the above accounts of the fundamental properties and characteristics of PET fibres, disperse dyes and carriers, as well as the essential aspects involved in the aqueous application of each of the hydrophobic dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres, using both HT and Carrier dyeing methods, it is evident that several distinctive features of the disperse dye/PET fibre and disperse dye/carrier/PET fibre dyeing systems merit remark:…”