Thermoplastic and soluble in organic solvents polyetherimides are of considerable interest for the creation of heat-and heat-resistant composite materials with high physical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, the main scientific approaches to the synthesis of polyimides with the ability to process from melt and solutions in organic solvents have been developed. This methodology is to reduce the glass transition temperature of rigid-chain polyimides by increasing the flexibility of the main polymer chain and / or by reducing intermolecular interaction. Evolution of fine organic synthesis is one of the priority directions of chemical technology development. Chemistry of high-molecular compounds is the subject of research by various scientists, both in the domestic scientific field and abroad. This interest is due to the prospects for the use of materials for industrial purposes. The polyetherimides are of this group of materials contain in their chain of various aromatic, heterocyclic and cycloaliphatic groups, and systems. This article describes the main approaches to the creation of such polymers with improved, compared with polyimides, technological properties and prospects for their application for the production of filled composite materials based on them. The paper presents the properties of the materials under consideration as a justification for the creation of heat-resistant composite materials.