Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Hybrid Nanofluid Formulation, Properties and Drug Delivery Prospects

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used materials for biomedical applications owing to their intriguing chemical, biological and magnetic properties. The evolution of MNP based biomedical applications (such as hyperthermia treatment and drug delivery) could be advanced using magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) designed with a biocompatible surface coating strategy. This study presents the first report on the drug loading/release capability of MNF formulated with methoxy polyethylene glycol (referred to as PEG) coated MNP in aqueous (phosphate buffer) fluid. We have selected MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for MNF formulation and evaluated the loading/release efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug. We have presented in detail the drug loading capacity and the time-dependent cumulative drug release of DOX from PEG-coated MNPs based MNFs. Specifically, we have selected three different MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for the MNFs and compared their variance in the loading/release efficacy of DOX, through experimental results fitting into mathematical models. DOX loading takes the order in the MNFs as CoFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > Fe3O4. Various drug release models were suggested and evaluated for the individual MNP based NFs. While the non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous) model fits for DOX release from PEG coated CoFe2O4, PEG coated NiFe2O4 NF follows zero-order kinetics with a slow drug release rate of 1.33% of DOX per minute. On the other hand, PEG coated NiFe2O4 follows zero-order DOX release. Besides, several thermophysical properties and magnetic susceptibility of the MNFs of different concentrations have been studied by dispersing the MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) in the base fluid at 300 K under ultrasonication. This report on the DOX loading/release capability of MNF will set a new paradigm in view that MNF can resolve problems related to the self-heating of drug carriers during mild laser treatment with its thermal conducting properties.

Nanomedicina y nanopartículas en una nueva era oncológica

“…This may be utilized both for cancer treatment as well as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. 17 Nanoparticle in cancer therapy has been evaluated in the majority of solid tumors. Interesting examples to note, published the last year, are doxorubicin conjugated iron oxide particles in osteosarcoma, 18 and the role ionizing radiation plays in the internalization and cytotoxic effects of the nano-carrier mediated drug delivery, mannose modified cyclodextrin with regorafenib in colorectal cancer to attenuate inflammation and inhibit tumor associated macrophage activation by targeting macrophages whilst improving regorafenib's anti-tumor effect by potentiating k i n a s e s u p p r e s s i o n , 19 c o m b i n a t i o n c h e m ophotodynamic therapy using lipid encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles against platinum resistant ovarian carcinoma cells, Yang et al, the use of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles constructed for CRISPR/CAS9 plasmids targeting drug resistant glioblastoma, 20 sorafenib nanoparticles as targeted ferroptosis-induced treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 and photothermal therapy and radiosensitization using silver nanoparticles in triple negative breast cancer without affecting nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells are some compelling examples.…”

Nanoferrites-Based Drug Delivery Systems as Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Treatments. Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

“…The surface functionalization procedure and choice of appropriate solvent are crucial factors for obtaining nanoferrites. Here, the repulsive interactions among nanoparticles prevent agglomerations [71]. Moreover, functionalization promotes several advantages such as stable dispersions, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and reduced toxicity.…”

Chitosan/Gamma-Alumina/Fe3O4@5-FU Nanostructures as Promising Nanocarriers: Physiochemical Characterization and Toxicity Activity

“…On the other hand, biocompatible compounds such as dextran, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone have been used for surface modification or coating of MNPs to regulate their properties. The polymer layer applied to modify the MNP surface should be protein-resistant and non-antigenic to increase blood circulation time [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”