2021
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05922
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Polyethylene Glycol Immunogenicity: Theoretical, Clinical, and Practical Aspects of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol Antibodies

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a flexible, hydrophilic simple polymer that is physically attached to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, liposomes, and nanoparticles to reduce renal clearance, block antibody and protein binding sites, and enhance the half-life and efficacy of therapeutic molecules. Some nai ̈ve individuals have pre-existing antibodies that can bind to PEG, and some PEG-modified compounds induce additional antibodies against PEG, which can adversely impact drug efficacy and safety. Here we provide… Show more

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Cited by 288 publications
(259 citation statements)
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“…Our second objective was to evaluate whether mRNA vaccines, only recently approved for emergency use authorization, have a peculiar pattern in determining this side effect as compared to viral vector or inactivated virus vaccines. Noticeably, mRNA-based vaccine uses lipid nanoparticles to facilitate mRNA transport into cells and contain several excipients and lipids, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), which might induce immune response in predisposed individuals [ 54 ] and has been linked with cases of anaphylactic reaction to mRNA vaccine [ 55 ]. Peculiarly, all patients with a previous diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease who developed SAT belonged to the mRNA vaccine group, possibly identifying a predisposition to develop SAT after mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine secondary to ASIA syndrome, which is often associated to a personal or familial history of autoimmune diseases [ 19 ], but further studies and larger cohorts are needed to verify this suggestion.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our second objective was to evaluate whether mRNA vaccines, only recently approved for emergency use authorization, have a peculiar pattern in determining this side effect as compared to viral vector or inactivated virus vaccines. Noticeably, mRNA-based vaccine uses lipid nanoparticles to facilitate mRNA transport into cells and contain several excipients and lipids, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), which might induce immune response in predisposed individuals [ 54 ] and has been linked with cases of anaphylactic reaction to mRNA vaccine [ 55 ]. Peculiarly, all patients with a previous diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease who developed SAT belonged to the mRNA vaccine group, possibly identifying a predisposition to develop SAT after mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine secondary to ASIA syndrome, which is often associated to a personal or familial history of autoimmune diseases [ 19 ], but further studies and larger cohorts are needed to verify this suggestion.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because c-JO4 is a viral protein, adaptive immune responses are likely to develop—particularly after repeated injection. Furthermore, Doxil contains a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coat, which, potentially can trigger anti-PEG antibody responses 21 . To assess the safety of repeated c-JO4/Doxil treatment, we designed a study in two female cynomolgus monkeys that closely reflected the treatment regimen planned in ovarian cancer patients (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Doxil concentration in serum was measured using an ELISA with anti-PEG monoclonal antibodies 21 (Fig. 6 A).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Many factors, such as molecular size of PEG, linker type, or PEG grafting density on the nanoparticle surface, are implicated in the potential APA response. 103 This could influence the final in vivo applications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%