Polyethylene Terephthalate: Copolyesters, Composites, and Renewable Alternatives

Sousa, Andreia F.; Vilela, Carla; Matos, Marina; Freire, Carmen S.R.; Silvestre, Armando J. D.; Coelho, Jorge F. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-31306-3.00007-5

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 144 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Innovation in BioPolymer-based Functional Materials and Bioactive Compounds, from the Portuguese associate laboratory CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials [ 41 ] at the University of Aveiro in Portugal. Among other research topics [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], this interdisciplinary group exercises research activities devoted to the use of renewable feedstocks for the extraction of high-value compounds from agroforest and industrial by-products [ 39 , 40 , 46 ], the valorisation of vegetable oils for the production of monomers and polymers [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], the design of biobased polyesters [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], and, in particular, the development of a panoply of natural polysaccharide- and protein-based materials [ 6 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers-Based Materials: A Contribution to a Greener Future

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural polymers have emerged as promising candidates for the sustainable development of materials in areas ranging from food packaging and biomedicine to energy storage and electronics. In tandem, there is a growing interest in the design of advanced materials devised from naturally abundant and renewable feedstocks, in alignment with the principles of Green Chemistry and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This review aims to highlight some examples of the research efforts conducted at the Research Team BioPol4fun, Innovation in BioPolymer-based Functional Materials and Bioactive Compounds, from the Portuguese Associate Laboratory CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials at the University of Aveiro, regarding the exploitation of natural polymers (and derivatives thereof) for the development of distinct sustainable biobased materials. In particular, focus will be given to the use of polysaccharides (cellulose, chitosan, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, alginate, and agar) and proteins (lysozyme and gelatin) for the assembly of composites, coatings, films, membranes, patches, nanosystems, and microneedles using environmentally friendly strategies, and to address their main domains of application.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers-Based Materials: A Contribution to a Greener Future

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These composites have enhanced crystallisation properties in the presence of the fibres, namely faster crystallisation [31] and nucleating effects [36], despite some compatibility problems associated with the hydrophilic nature of pristine cellulose compared to PEF homopolyester [36]. Adding to this, nanocellulose fibres, in particular bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconoacetobacter sacchari bacterial strain at high purity, due to its nanofibrillar structure having unique physical and chemical properties as a nanocomposite [37,38], including optically transparency and high mechanical strength [39]. However, to the best of our knowledge, BC has never before been used in the preparation of furanoate-based nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Furanoate-Based Nanocomposites: A Case Study Using Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate) and Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate)-co-(Butylene Diglycolate) and Bacterial Cellulose

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyesters made from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have been in the spotlight due to their renewable origins, together with the promising thermal, mechanical, and/or barrier properties. Following the same trend, (nano)composite materials based on FDCA could also generate similar interest, especially because novel materials with enhanced or refined properties could be obtained. This paper presents a case study on the use of furanoate-based polyesters and bacterial cellulose to prepare nanocomposites, namely acetylated bacterial cellulose/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and acetylated bacterial cellulose/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-co-(butylene diglycolate)s. The balance between flexibility, prompted by the furanoate-diglycolate polymeric matrix; and the high strength prompted by the bacterial cellulose fibres, enabled the preparation of a wide range of new nanocomposite materials. The new nanocomposites had a glass transition between −25-46 • C and a melting temperature of 61-174 • C; and they were thermally stable up to 239-324 • C. Furthermore, these materials were highly reinforced materials with an enhanced Young's modulus (up to 1239 MPa) compared to their neat copolyester counterparts. This was associated with both the reinforcing action of the cellulose fibres and the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites. In terms of elongation at break, the nanocomposites prepared from copolyesters with higher amounts of diglycolate moieties displayed higher elongations due to the soft nature of these segments.

show abstract

“…PET is used for the manufacture of containers (beverages, oils, dairy products, cosmetics, etc.) in practically any packaging format (jugs, bottles, and tray). − In spite of the available infrastructure for collecting and sorting PET products implemented worldwide, only 20–30% of PET is recycled, mostly by physical recycling methods, leading to poor properties of recycled products that eventually end up in landfills or incineration. Because PET is not biodegradable and its hydrolytic degradation can take decades, it generates a large amount of waste, which has caused pollution and accumulation problems in different ecosystems. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea of combining the degradability of PLA with a polymer with superior mechanical properties but not degradable like PET has been previously explored. ,− However, in all these previous works, metal catalysts are used for the formation of copolymers, and their residues are not environmentally friendly . In recent years various metal-free catalysts (organocatalysts) have been shown to be effective for the preparation of various polymers and copolymers − that include PLA and PET components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET-ran-PLA Partially Degradable Random Copolymers Prepared by Organocatalysis: Effect of Poly(l-lactic acid) Incorporation on Crystallization and Morphology

Flores

Etxeberria

Irusta

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a nonbiodegradable polymer whose hydrolytic degradation can take decades. Intensive research has been performed to accelerate its hydrolytic degradation without significantly affecting its properties. In this work, PET was combined with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a well-known biodegradable polymer, and the effect of PLA content in the crystallization of the PET component has been investigated in detail. To make the process sustainable, PET was polymerized using monomers that can be derived from PET chemical recycling (dimethyl terephthalate) and using organocatalysis (metal-free catalysts). First, low-molecular-weight telechelic PLA was prepared from the organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide followed by step-growth copolymerization with PET oligomers. The random copolymerization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR. We found that PET-ran-PLA copolymers are able to crystallize up to 24 mol % of PLA. Wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) demonstrated that PLA units interrupt the average crystallizable PET sequences, decreasing its lamellar thickness, melting point, and crystallinity. The temperature dependence of the crystallization rate remarkably switches from nucleation control to diffusion control, as the mol % of PLA approaches the maximum tolerable limit for crystallization. The copolymers exhibited a microspherulitic PET morphology that changed to axialitic at relatively high contents of PLA. Preliminary hydrolytic degradation experiments demonstrate the potential degradation character of the prepared copolymers. If we consider the degradability of the copolymers obtained together with the green synthetic route employed (using dimethyl terephthalate, a monomer that can be obtained from the chemical route for recycling PET), the copolymers produced represent a step toward revalorization of PET recycled monomers for the production of sustainable materials.

show abstract

Polyethylene Terephthalate: Copolyesters, Composites, and Renewable Alternatives

Cited by 13 publications

References 144 publications

Natural Polymers-Based Materials: A Contribution to a Greener Future

Natural Polymers-Based Materials: A Contribution to a Greener Future

Furanoate-Based Nanocomposites: A Case Study Using Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate) and Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furanoate)-co-(Butylene Diglycolate) and Bacterial Cellulose

PET-ran-PLA Partially Degradable Random Copolymers Prepared by Organocatalysis: Effect of Poly(l-lactic acid) Incorporation on Crystallization and Morphology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About